城市安静小区建设与环境噪声区域污染防治

通过沈阳市安静小区建设过程中，发现第三产业噪声扰民现象逐年增多这一环境问题，阐述了城市区域噪声产生的原因及防治对策．     

居住小区非传统水资源优化配置研究

中国居住小区非传统水资源利用发展迅速,带来可观的经济、社会和环境效益。与此同时,应实施小区非传统水资源的优化配置,以合理有效地利用多种水源。研究居住小区的非传统水源优化配置具有重要意义,既提高了利用效率,又促进了经济、社会和环境的可持续发展。文章阐述了水资源优化配置中常用的多目标规划方法和特点,指出适合于居住小区非传统水资源利用的多目标规划方法及注意事项。并着重说明可以优先考虑使用遗传算法。     

秦皇岛市“在水一方”住宅小区雨洪利用工程示范研究

秦皇岛市"在水一方"住宅小区在建设过程中实施了雨水收集或入渗回补地下等措施,取得了良好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。为促进城市水资源的可持续利用和城市水环境的不断改善,秦皇岛市要加大宣传力度,强化公众参与意识;完善相关政策,规范雨洪利用行为;利用经济手段,激励人们自觉利用雨洪资源。     

基于多源大数据可视化的城市居民区绿地土壤环境监测点位布设及采样研究

为科学合理的监测城市居民区绿地土壤环境状况,对居民区绿地土壤监测点位布设和采样的方法进行研究,包括代表性居民区的选取、监测点采样位置的确定、点位数量的确定等.通过多源大数据可视化手段选取某城市代表性的居民区,对其居民区内绿地土壤重金属(镉、汞、砷、铅、铜、铬、锌和镍)进行监测.结果表明:多源大数据的应用对城市土壤监测布...     

An empirical study of spatial-temporal growth patterns of a voluntary residential green infrastructure program

Voluntary residential green infrastructure (GI) stormwater management retrofit programs can help cities comply with environmental regulations while also improving quality of life. Previous research has identified influential factors in residents’ willingness to adopt GI, but few have simultaneously studied the spatial and temporal dynamics of GI. I use a six-year record of participation in a voluntary residential GI program in Washington DC to explore how neighborhood characteristics and social influence affect GI adoption over time. Statistical regression and Monte Carlo permutation resampling techniques are used to explain the spatial-temporal patterns of growth of the program. I demonstrate empirical evidence that participation location is increasingly determined by the locations of previous participants. These findings suggest that past participants will increasingly influence spatial clustering of GI in the city.     

A model supported by GIS for locating and quantifying PM2.5 emission originated from residential wood burning

A research method was presented for spatially quantifying and allocating the potential activity of a fine particle matter emission （ PM2.5 ）, which originated from residential wood burning （RWB） in this study. Demographic, hypsographic, climatic and topographic data were compiled and processed within a geographic information system（GIS）, and as independent variables put into a linear regression model for describing spatial distribution of the potential activity of residential wood burning as primary heating source. In order to improve the estimation, the classifications of urban, suburban and rural were redefined to meet the specifications of this application. Also, several definitions of forest accessibility were tested for estimation. The results suggested that the potential activity of RWB was mostly determined by elevation of a location, forest accessibility, urban/non-urban position, climatic conditions and several demographic variables. The linear regression model could explain approximately 86% of the variation of surveyed potential activity of RWB. The analysis results were validated by employing survey data collected mainly from a WebGIS based phone interview over the study area in central California. Based on lots free public GIS data, the model provided an easy and ideal tool for geographic researchers, environmental planners and administrators to understand where and how much PM2.5 emission from RWB was contributed to air quality. With this knowledge they could identify regions of concern, and better plan mitigation strategies to improve air quality. Furthermore, it allows for future adjustment on some parameters as the spatial analysis method is implemented in the different regions or various eco-social models.     

居室氡浓度及其影响因素分析

氡是广泛存在于居室中的一种放射性气体,和人体的健康密切相关。以慈溪市某典型居民住宅为研究对象,重点研究了通风、温度、高度、地面装饰材料对室内氡浓度的影响,以及一天中氡浓度的连续变化规律。结果表明：在同一建筑物中,随着楼层的增加,室内氡浓度逐渐降低;在温度为24℃左右时室内氡浓度最低,在15℃～30℃之间,氡浓度表现大致为先下降后上升;随着通风时间的增加,室内氡浓度逐渐降低;夜间的氡水平比白天高,氡水平值的波动范围较大,且呈周期性变化。     

Comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in Chinese and Japanese residential air

Comparative studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution in residential air of Hangzhou (China) and Shizuoka (Japan) were conducted in summer (August, 2006) and winter (January, 2007). Total concentrations of 8 PAHs ranged from 7.1 to 320 ng/m³ and 0.15 to 35 ng/m³ in residential air of Hangzhou and Shizuoka, respectively. Air PAH concentrations in smoking houses were higher than that in nonsmoking houses. In nonsmoking houses, mothball emission and cooking practice were the emission sources of 2- and 3-ring PAHs in Hangzhou, respectively. The 2- and 3-ring PAHs were from use of insect repellent, kerosene heating and outdoor environment in nonsmoking houses in Shizuoka. The 5- and 6-ring PAHs in residential air were mainly from outdoor environment in both cities. Toxicity potencies of PAHs in residential air of Hangzhou were much higher than that in Shizuoka.     

室内氡的危害及防氡降氡措施

氡及其子体是铀、钍等放射性元素产物，是引发肺癌的重要致病因子。居室高氡浓度易造成氡危害。不同地段房间的氡有不同的来源途径，它包括了氡的产生、向地表运移和进入室内的过程。本文将从室内氡的危害、致癌机理、氡的来源及防氡降氡等几个方面探讨居室氡的危害及其防治措施。     

Impact of Residential Soil Disturbance on Infiltration Rate and Stormwater Runoff1

Woltemade, Christopher J., 2010. Impact of Residential Soil Disturbance on Infiltration Rate and Stormwater Runoff. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 700-711. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00442.x Abstract: Soil disturbances such as excavation and compaction in residential developments affect lawn infiltration rates and stormwater runoff. These effects were investigated via measuring saturated infiltration rates at 108 residential sites and 18 agricultural sites near Shippensburg, south-central Pennsylvania, using a double-ring infiltrometer. Residential sites included four neighborhoods distributed across three soil series classified as hydrologic soil group (HSG) B. Additional parcel data included date of house construction, percentage impervious area, lawn condition, and woody vegetation condition. Measured infiltration rates ranged from 0 to >40 cm/hour. Analysis of variance indicated significantly different mean infiltration rates (p < 0.001) for lots constructed pre-2000 (9.0 cm/hour) and those constructed post-2000 (2.8 cm/hour). Test results were used to determine a “field-tested” HSG for each site, representing disturbed soil conditions. Stormwater runoff was estimated from residential lots for a range of 24-hour design storms using the TR-55 model and several alternative methods of determining curve numbers, including five different representations of soil conditions. Curve numbers and stormwater runoff were substantially higher when based on field-tested HSGs for lots constructed post-2000 compared with lots built pre-2000 and when based on the HSG for undisturbed soils, documenting the magnitude of possible error in stormwater runoff models that neglect soil disturbance.