从传播途径优化控制市区铁路噪声

为控制市区铁路噪声污染,在对铁路噪声影响初步调查基础上,以杭州市区浙赣铁路沿线某拟建小区为例,结合小区规划、环境景观和配套工程设计,从传播途径上提出设置人工土坡、声屏障、绿化等多种降噪措施,合理组合形成若干典型降噪方案,应用Cadna/A软件对各方案的降噪效果做了模拟预测和比选.结果表明,不同方案对预测点的降噪效果最大相差19.4dB,方案二降噪效果最佳,但若只考虑铁路噪声影响.则以方案一为佳.研究成果可为今后市区铁路沿线住宅等建筑的规划及其噪声控制提供参考.     

基于多源大数据可视化的城市居民区绿地土壤环境监测点位布设及采样研究

为科学合理的监测城市居民区绿地土壤环境状况,对居民区绿地土壤监测点位布设和采样的方法进行研究,包括代表性居民区的选取、监测点采样位置的确定、点位数量的确定等.通过多源大数据可视化手段选取某城市代表性的居民区,对其居民区内绿地土壤重金属(镉、汞、砷、铅、铜、铬、锌和镍)进行监测.结果表明:多源大数据的应用对城市土壤监测布...     

挠力河流域农垦开发中居民地景观生态特征的变化

运用GIS、景观格局分析与聚落分析方法定量分析了挠力河流域在快速农垦开发中居民地分布格局的时空变化，探讨了景观格局形成的机制。景观指数分析表明近50a来居民地面积和数目激增，居民地斑块面积、聚集度增大，表明人类对挠力河流域景观扰动持续增强。在所有背景地类中，居民地与耕地的邻接比例最高。伴随居民地和耕地迅速扩张，两者邻接比例呈上升趋势，两者相互影响越来越大。不同时期居民地扩张强度高值区分布有所不同，主要分布在早期的耕地新增区，1954-2000年挠力河流域居民地扩张高值区最终主要分布于该流域的西部与中部。虽然居民地数目和面积均激增，各居民地之间的距离亦呈缩短趋势，但居民地最近邻点指数表明，近50a来挠力河流域居民地分布类型一直为随机分布，农垦经济仍占主导地位，人为规划比城镇发达地区薄弱。     

住宅小区景观水体水质保持设计实例研究

景观水体可以改善住宅小区的自然环境,迎合了人们亲近自然和对健康的追求。如何维持小区内景观水体处于健康状态,成为景观水体设计中必须解决的一个问题。文章以嘉兴某公寓为例,对住宅小区景观水体工程构建和水质保持设计必须考虑的因素进行了初步探讨,并开展了应用设计研究,以期为景观水体的设计和建设提供一种相对完善的思路。     

商住楼扰民噪声监测技术探讨

通过对贵阳市某商住楼内S超市的扰民噪声投诉处理,提出了在处理商住楼内商场、超市类项目扰民噪声投诉中经常面时的几个主要问题及处理建议,探讨了商住楼扰民噪声的监测技术.     

三峡典型区农村居民点格局及人居环境适宜性评价研究

与我国平原区农村居民点呈团簇状分布不同,三峡库区农村居民点规模小、密度大、分布散乱,呈现出"满天星"状的分布格局。以渝北、万州和秭归移民区作为三峡典型区,利用面向对象分类和监督分类相结合的方法从高分辨率遥感影像提取了农村居民点。在此基础上利用GIS技术对农村居民点空间分布规律特征和制约农村居民点分布的要素如海拔、坡度、坡向、道路、水源等进行了分析;借鉴农用地评价方法,利用评价中的多指标综合评价法,结合层次分析法（AHP）生成人居环境适宜性评价图。研究结果表明,三峡农村居民点受到海拔、坡度、坡向等因子的影响呈现出较明显的空间分布规律。三峡典型区农村居民点格局及人居环境适宜性评价结果为农村居民点布局的合理规划提供了参考和依据。     

Calculation and decomposition of regional household energy consumption in China: based on perspectives of urbanization and residents’ consumption

Demographic urbanization caused great changes in scale of residents’ consumption and residents’ lifestyle and then impacted changes of regional household energy consumption. This paper expanded Logarithmic Mean Decomposition Index method through introducing variables of urbanization and residential consumption into the model. It also analyzed the influences of six factors as energy structure, energy intensity, population scale, urbanization, residential consumption, and consumption inhibit on regional household energy consumption. Results showed that in 2003–2012, impact of urbanization on regional household energy consumption of Chinese three areas was significantly higher than population size. The “population gathered in eastern region” phenomenon caused eastern region getting the largest population scale effect. Driving force of residential consumption on regional household energy consumption was much higher than the other five effects. Due to the comparative advantage of residential consumption compared with government consumption, investment, and net export, the decrease of consumption ratio promoted the growth of regional household energy consumption. Energy intensity in Chinese three regions kept reducing in 2003–2012. The progress of energy utilization technology slowed the growth of regional household energy consumption, and energy intensity effect was most significant in the central region.     

Effects of Lawn Maintenance on Nutrient Losses Via Overland Flow During Natural Rainfall Events1

Spence, Porchè L., Deanna L. Osmond, Wesley Childres, Joshua L. Heitman, and Wayne P. Robarge, 2012. Effects of Lawn Maintenance on Nutrient Losses Via Overland Flow During Natural Rainfall Events. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 909‐924. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00658.x Abstract: A sampling system was used to evaluate the effect of residential lawn management on nutrient losses via overland flow generated during natural rainfall events from three residential landscapes: a high maintenance fescue lawn (HMFL), a low maintenance fescue lawn (LMFL), and a mixed forested residential landscape (FRL). A sampling system was located in designated areas within each landscape such that 100% of the runoff follows natural flow paths to the outlet ports and collects in sterile Nalgene^® B³ media bags (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rochester, NY). A rainfall event was defined as producing ≥2.54 mm of water. A total of 87 rainfall events occurred during a 20‐month monitoring period. The total runoff volume collected from the LMFL was higher than from the HMFL and FRL, but on average <1% of the total rainfall was collected from the three landscapes. Mean nitrate concentrations from each lawn did not exceed 0.6 mg N/l. Nutrient unit area losses from the HMFL, LMFL, and FRL were 1,000 times less than fertilizer and throughfall inputs, which were due to the presence of well‐structured soils (low bulk densities) with high infiltration rates. This study demonstrated that the frequency of runoff, total runoff volumes, and nutrient losses during natural rainfall events are lower from highly maintained (i.e., irrigation, fertilizer application, and reseeding) densely uniform manicured lawns than low maintenance lawns and forested residential landscapes.     

论城市居住区绿地的景观生态规划

本文综述了城市居住区绿地规划现状及趋势,指出景观生态规划的内涵及其意义,并进一步指出城市居住区绿地系统的景观生态规划的特征及原则。为了创造良好的环境效益,提高居民生活质量,本文运用景观生态规划的原理,遵循城市居住区景观体系的规划原则,从生态设计和景观设计的角度来探讨城市居住区绿地景观生态规划设计的新思路,并提出了较为合理可行的建议。     

2000-2008年青海省居民生活能源消费与碳排放分析

本文根据与青海省城乡居民生活能源消费相关的8个部门的能源消费数据,采用统计分析方法,从最终需求的角度评估了2000-2008年城乡居民生活能源消费及其碳排放。研究发现2000-2008年青海省城镇与农村居民生活用能在总量和人均水平上均相差很大,并且由此产生的碳排放是城镇居民远高于农村居民,其中,城镇居民生活用能主要集中在食品、娱乐教育文化服务、衣着3个部门,占总能源消费的61.02%,而农村居民生活用能主要集中在食品、居住和交通通讯3个部门,占总能源消费的71.77%。如果青海省农村居民能源消费水平达到青海省城镇居民能源消费的最低水平,会引起能源消费量及碳排量的急剧增加。