绿色生态住宅小区环境性能评价研究

建立一套标准的、适用的和可操作的绿色生态小区环境性能评价指标体系。已成了推广和发展绿色生态小区的必要条件。本文按照评价指标体系建立的原则．从住宅小区的水环境系统、气环境系统、声环境系统、光环境系统、热环境系统、能源系统、绿化系统、废弃物管理与处置系统、绿色建筑材料系统、小区智能化系统、开发系统和管理系统方面，建立评价指标体系。使用层次分析法对评价指标体系的指标权重进行确定，应用灰色系统评价方法对住宅小区环境性能进行评价．通过具体实例证实模型是科学和实用的。     

民用燃煤不同燃烧阶段细颗粒物排放特征

研究了民用燃煤在不同燃烧阶段排放PM_2.5的质量浓度分布特征.结果表明,散煤与正烧炉在旺火阶段排放颗粒物粒径主要集中在0.2μm以下（d₅₀=0.15μm）,加煤和封火阶段在0.2~0.5μm （d₅₀=0.38mm）,质量占比46.6%~68.97%.型煤与正烧炉在各阶段排放的颗粒物均以0.2μm以下颗粒物为主,质量占比44.64%~56.24%.扫描电镜（SEM）观察到燃煤排放PM_2.5为大量超细颗粒物聚集形成的簇团状结构.用碳平衡法计算得到散煤加煤阶段的PM_2.5排放因子为4.72g/kg,分别是旺火和封火阶段的12和11倍.将散煤更换为型煤,能够使得加煤阶段的PM_2.5排放因子减少90.9%,从而显著降低PM_2.5排放.     

Initial results from a multi-institutional collaboration to monitor harmful algal blooms in South Carolina

The rapid rate of development in the South Carolina (SC) coastal zone has heightened public concern for the condition of the state's estuaries, and alerted scientists to the potential that novel and adverse effects on estuarine ecosystems may result. Although well-developed databases from long-term monitoring programs exist for many variables valuable in predicting and following system responses, information on phytoplankton distributions in SC estuaries has lagged. Knowledge of the dynamical relationship between environmental (e.g., nutrient quantity and quality) and biological (e.g., grazing) regulation, and phytoplankton biomass and composition is critical to understanding estuarine susceptibility to eutrophication or harmful algal blooms (HABs). Recently, SC scientists from federal, state, and academic institutions established a collaborative monitoring program to assess HAB distribution and ecology statewide. The South Carolina Harmful Algal Bloom Program includes: a) intensive temporal monitoring at areas of known HAB occurrence or those exhibiting symptoms potentially related to HABs (e.g., prevalent fish lesions), b) extensive spatial monitoring in coordination with existing statewide efforts, c) a citizen volunteer monitoring network, d) nutrient response bioassays, and e) laboratory-based physiological experiments on HAB isolates. By combining trip-wire surveillance and rapid response systems, routine monitoring of environmental parameters and HAB distribution, and process-oriented studies examining the physiological functioning of HAB species, an enhanced understanding of the impact and environmental control of HABs in SC estuaries will be achieved. The application of this approach to studies on the distribution and physiological ecology of a new widespread SC red tide, and to the discovery of several potentially toxic blooms (including Pfiesteria) in SC holding ponds, are described.     

济南市农村居民点用地分析及节约利用对策

随着城市化水平的提高以及城市规模的扩大，耕地日趋减少，城市用地需求量不断增加，用地矛盾加剧。通过对济南市农村居民点用地现状分析，指出了农村居民点用地存在的问题，土地利用程度低、土地资源浪费是农村居民点用地普遍存在的现象。在当前建设节约型社会的形势下，从提高土地利用程度等方面提出了节约用地的措施，指出平原地区是今后土地利用的重点；采取合理的经济措施，是解决农村居民点用地流转的新途径。     

CASA DEL AGUA: A RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSERVATION AND REUSE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT IN TUCSON,ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT: A typical single family residence in Tucson, Arizona, was retrofitted to incorporate low-water-use fixtures and water reuse systems. The use of municipal water was reduced by 53 percent to 53 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) and total water use at the home was reduced by 33 percent to 74 gpcd.     

香港住宅室内环境及污染暴露量研究

对选定的14间香港住宅的PM10、CO、NO2等主要室内污染物浓度进行监测，通过建立多元线性回归模型，分析了室内．外PM10浓度与居民室内各种活动等其它有关因素之间的相关关系．结合香港居民日常时间安排调查的结果，计算出各种室内污染物的暴露量，对住宅室内环境污染对居民健康的影响进行了初步评估，提出了改善住宅室内环境的一些建议。     

曝气生物滤池在小区污水处理中的应用

城市化的快速发展,使人们越来越关注居住环境的质量,其中小区的水环境质量更是人们关注的重点.介绍了曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺的原理以及该工艺在小区污水处理中的研究发展情况,为小区污水处理提供了一种可供选择的工艺.     

江南地域居住环境中的水生态处理

江南地域在我国虽属水资源相对充足的地区，但水生态建设不容忽视。文章针对江南传统村镇中河道水网的水生态处理及院落村舍的给排水处理两方面，在认同原始功能的合理性的基础上分析现当代的改建对于水环境自我调节的影响后果，讨论了在原有基础上进行水环境改造更新的可行性，并探讨结合Reduce(减少)、Reuse(回用)、Recycle(循环)的3R原则进行设计的方法和发展前景。     

城市生态住宅评价及规划设计

城市生态住宅是21世纪人居环境可持续发展的一种新型模式。文章提出了生态住宅，介绍了其评价指标体系和生态规划设计理念，并就其发展存在的问题以及未来发展的趋势和前景进行了探索。     

Conservation Value of Clustered Housing Developments

Abstract:  Traditionally, exurban lands in Colorado have been subdivided into a grid of parcels ranging from 2 to 16 ha. From an ecological perspective, this dispersed pattern of development effectively maximizes the individual influence of each home on the land. Clustered housing developments, designed to maximize open space, are assumed to benefit plant and wildlife communities of conservation interest. They have become a popular alternative for rural development despite the lack of empirical evidence demonstrating their conservation benefits. To better inform rural land-use planning, we evaluated clustered housing developments by comparing their spatial pattern with that of dispersed housing developments and by comparing their conservation value with that of both dispersed housing developments and undeveloped areas in Boulder County, Colorado. We used four indicators to assess conservation value: (1) densities of songbirds, (2) nest density and survival of ground-nesting birds, (3) presence of mammals, and (4) percent cover and proportion of native and non-native plant species. Clustered and dispersed housing developments did not differ on the majority of variables we examined. Both types of housing development had significantly higher densities of non-native and human-commensal species and significantly lower densities of native and human-sensitive species than undeveloped areas. More rigorous ecological guidelines and planning on a regional scale may help create clustered developments with higher conservation value.