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排序方式: 共有253条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
为阻断某垃圾填埋场的甲烷气体向附近住宅区迁移的通道,防止甲烷气体给住宅区造成火灾爆炸灾害,在垃圾填埋场与住宅区之间修建了防渗墙和帷幕墙,并对其进行了跟踪监测.结果表明,防渗墙有效地阻隔了填埋场内甲烷气体向外迁移. 相似文献
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Douglas S. Kenney Christopher Goemans Roberta Klein Jessica Lowrey Kevin Reidy 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(1):192-207
Abstract: Residential water demand is a function of several factors, some of which are within the control of water utilities (e.g., price, water restrictions, rebate programs) and some of which are not (e.g., climate and weather, demographic characteristics). In this study of Aurora, Colorado, factors influencing residential water demand are reviewed during a turbulent drought period (2000‐2005). Findings expand the understanding of residential demand in at least three salient ways: first, by documenting that pricing and outdoor water restriction policies interact with each other ensuring that total water savings are not additive of each program operating independently; second, by showing that the effectiveness of pricing and restrictions policies varies among different classes of customers (i.e., low, middle, and high volume water users) and between predrought and drought periods; and third, in demonstrating that real‐time information about consumptive use (via the Water Smart Reader) helps customers reach water‐use targets. 相似文献
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20世纪下半叶上海市居住用地扩展模式、强度及空间分异特征 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
基于多时相土地利用图与遥感影像资料,建立空间研究网格,通过土地利用扩展强度指数的空间分析,对1947~2002年上海市建成区居住用地扩展模式、强度及空间分异特征进行了研究。结果表明:①上海市建成区居住用地空间扩展并不是持续增长的,其扩展强度与速度均从建国初期开始减小,在1964~1979年期间达到最低值后又逐渐增大,总体上表现为先降后升的发展变化;②居住用地扩展模式随时间发生较大变化,由建国初期以核心建成区为主的渐进式扩展(1947~1964年)转变为跳跃式扩展(1964~1988年),到近些年又发展成兼具渐进扩展与跳跃扩展特征的混合扩展模式(1988~2002年),城市用地功能由简单趋于复杂和多元化;③不同时期居住用地扩展过程差异较大,其行为特征受国家宏观政策及社会经济发展等因素的影响,可以为复杂的城市扩展动力机制研究提供更多素材。 相似文献
87.
Guofeng Shen Miao Xue Siye Wei Yuanchen Chen Qiuyue Zhao Bing Li Haisuo Wu Shu Tao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(9):1808-1816
Controlled combustion experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of fuel charge size, moisture, air ventilation and feeding rate on the emission factors (EFs) of carbonaceous particulate matter, parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs) and their derivatives from residential wood combustion in a typical brick cooking stove. Measured EFs were found to be independent of fuel charge size, but increased with increasing fuel moisture. Pollution emissions from the normal burning under an adequate air supply condition were the lowest for most pollutants, while more pollutants were emitted when an oxygen deficient atmosphere was formed in the stove chamber during fast burning. The impacts of these factors on the size distribution of emitted particles was also studied. Modified combustion efficiency and the four investigated factors explained 68%, 72%, and 64% of total variations in EFs of PM, organic carbon, and oxygenated PAHs, respectively, but only 36%, 38% and 42% of the total variations in EFs of elemental carbon, pPAHs and nitro-PAHs, respectively. 相似文献
88.
河北农居环境颗粒态汞污染特征及健康评估研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
近年来,我国农村环境问题日渐加重,大气颗粒态汞对人体健康的危害逐渐凸现出来,而已有研究对我国农居环境中的汞污染状况关注较少. 以颗粒态汞为研究对象,于2009年7、8月及2010年10~12月,对河北省6个村庄中的34个典型农居环境进行PM10和PM2.5膜采样,采用冷原子荧光法测定颗粒态汞质量浓度. 结果表明,同一季节时,厨房PM10中汞质量浓度约是庭院PM10中汞质量浓度的2倍; 在同一空间内,PM10中汞质量浓度大小依次是冬季(3.004 ng·m-3)>秋季(1.550 ng·m-3)>夏季(1.127 ng·m-3); 同一季节时,PM2.5中汞质量浓度大小依次是厨房(0.795 ng·m-3±0.337 ng·m-3)>客厅(0.398 ng·m-3±0.159 ng·m-3)>庭院(0.321 ng·m-3±0.143 ng·m-3); PM2.5中的汞质量浓度占PM10中汞质量浓度的百分比为(52.4±13.5)%. 对农居环境PM2.5中汞的健康风险度水平进行评价,不同人群中儿童的暴露水平最高,其年均超额危险度<10-8. 可知农居环境PM2.5中汞对农户的健康风险在可以忽略的水平. 相似文献
89.
散煤燃烧等低矮面源的排放对京津冀等地区采暖季ρ(PM2.5)贡献较大,是重污染天气形成的重要原因之一.针对京津冀地区居民采暖“煤改电”治理工程,以2025年为目标年,以不做任何散煤治理工作为基准情景,同时设计2种不同的控制情景(控制情景1、控制情景2),评估不同控制情景下“煤改电”带来的健康效益.通过综合考量民用散煤占燃煤消费量的比例、散煤PM2.5排放强度,结合京津冀地区各城市PM2.5源解析结果,确定民用散煤对大气环境ρ(PM2.5)的贡献系数,计算空气质量改善情况.在此基础上,综合流行病学相关研究成果,运用环境健康风险评估方法,预测不同控制情景中京津冀地区居民采暖“煤改电”带来的健康效益.结果表明:①京津冀地区在控制情景1中ρ(PM2.5)年均值分别下降4.9、4.9和1.1 μg/m3,在控制情景2中分别下降5.4、5.6和2.0 μg/m3;②在控制情景1、控制情景2中京津冀地区居民采暖“煤改电”带来的健康效益分别为266.55×108和352.34×108元,分别约占京津冀地区2015年GDP的0.38%和0.51%.研究显示,通过实施”煤改电”,京津冀地区可实现的健康效益相当可观,其中,北京市获得的健康效益最大,其次是河北省和天津市. 相似文献
90.
Residential satisfaction is a significant topic in environmental psychology yet there is little research on residential satisfaction among elders. This research aims to identify the cognitive structure of residential satisfaction of elderly persons living in their own dwellings and to identify demographic and psychological variables related to this residential satisfaction. One hundred and three participants, ranging in age from 72 to 86 years old and living at home in the central France, answered (a) a purpose-developed questionnaire to measure their residential satisfaction, (b) an environmental quality questionnaire aimed at evaluating both the physical and social environments, and (c) several psychological variables including: the ESV, a French adaptation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale which examines the general well-being of aging people; and three single well-being items assessing financial well-being, perceived health, and perception of oneself as active. The results indicated that in this sample, residential satisfaction corresponds to a four-dimension structure organized by physical location rather than psychological or behavioral aspects. The four components were the local area, access to services, relations with neighbors, and the home itself. Satisfaction with each component was related to different predictors, supporting the idea that elders hold complex and nuanced views of their homes and neighborhoods. 相似文献