Assessing carbon footprint in the life cycle of accommodation services: the case of an international tourist hotel

The accommodation sector is the most demanding energy consumer among all building stock categories. This study quantifies an international tourist hotel in Taiwan to holistically estimate the greenhouse gas emissions of hotel accommodation services through a complete life cycle inventory. The study also investigates the difference between the carbon emissions of the baseline and reduction years to understand the effects of carbon emission reduction on the hotel industry. Results show that energy consumption is the main source of carbon footprint. However, the carbon emissions of other activities, such as the production and transportation of hotel amenities and laundry services, are 15.90% for the baseline year and 16.03% for the reduction year. These values are larger than the 5% cutoff rule according to PAS 2050. Thus, these factors should also be considered in assessing the carbon emissions of accommodation services. Hotel occupancy rate significantly affects carbon emissions during a one-night stay in a standard room as the functional unit. The selection of the functional unit should be considered in the hotel strategy. Although this case study involves an international tourist hotel in Taiwan, the findings and recommendations for improvements can be applied elsewhere.     

The spatial scale of organic chemicals in multimedia fate modeling. Recent developments and significance for chemical assessment

In the last years, the spatial range (SR) or characteristic travel distance (CTD) of organic chemicals has found increasing scientific interest as an indicator of the long-range transport (LRT) potential and, in combination with persistence, as a kind of 'hazard' indicator on the exposure level. This development coincides with European debates about more effective and more preventive approaches to the chemicals assessment, and about an international, legally-binding instrument for the phase out of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Persistence and LRT potential are important issues in these debates. Here, the development of the concept of assessing the spatial scale from early ideas in the 1970s and 1980s to recent studies in the field of multimedia fate and transport modeling is summarized. Different approaches to the modeling of environmental transport (advective and dispersive) and different methods for quantifying the SR or CTD are compared. Relationships between SR or CTD and different persistence measures are analyzed. Comparison of these relationships shows that conclusions for chemical assessment should be based on an evaluation of different persistence and spatial scale measures. The use of SR or CTD and persistence as hazard indicators in the chemicals assessment is illustrated.     

中国(芜湖)旅博会对芜湖旅游业发展的影响

作为中国旅游知名品牌的芜湖旅博会,由于集中展示了中国旅游的最新成果,在国内旅游业同类会展中极具影响力。芜湖市应当借助旅博会的品牌效应,推动芜湖市旅游业向专业化、国际化发展,同时加快建设旅游产业体系,全面提升芜湖市旅游业的品牌,加速芜湖市旅游业的发展。     

从"乡土情结"看农家乐的发展走向——以南充市近郊农家乐为例

乡村旅游是现代生态旅游的重要组成部分,农家乐是近20年我国发展最为迅速的乡村旅游形式之一。首先分析了“乡土情结”的由来和与农家乐旅游的紧密联系,进而指出“乡土情结”是旅游者到农家乐去旅游的根本动机,它具体体现在中国人身上就是“土地情结”和“家乡情结”。在此基础上,剖析了农家乐旅游者由“情结”产生的旅游动机和旅游偏好。这类旅游者势必要求体验原汁原味的农家生活情趣,借以慰藉自己的“乡土情结”;然后对南充市近郊农家乐的发展现状和存在的误区进行诊断,以此对南充市近郊农家乐的发展走向提出建议,那就是“走原味之路”。     

居民旅游影响感知态度及其动力因子研究——以周庄为例

旅游发展对旅游地居民生活产生经济、社会文化、环境等方面的影响。首先分析了居民对旅游影响和旅游发展的感知态度,发现居民对旅游影响的正面感知较强烈,对旅游发展也持理性支持的态度,其中居民对环境影响的正面感知最为强烈。结合居民态度随旅游发展而发生相应变化的相关理论与周庄现阶段旅游发展特征,对居民感知态度的动力因子进行了探讨。     

环境类激素物质对农村水体的污染及处理措施

目前在农村环境中大量的类激素物质不断以各种途径进入地表和地下水体,对环境造成了极大的危害。严重威胁着居民的身体健康。我们应该密切关注这个问题,严加控制类激素物质的用量,选择合适的处理方法如物理吸附、光化学或电化学催化氧化、生物处理等,有效去除进入农村环境的类激素物质。并对农村饮用水进行严格的处理,采取集中供水方式,保障农村的饮用水安全,促进新农村建设。     

珠江三角洲典型城市机动车尾气排放的影响因素分析

机动车技术水平和道路路况是影响机动车尾气排放的两大因素。本文以中山、佛山和广州三个城市为代表城市,首先采用问卷调查和实时采集交通流视频的方式收集三个城市的机动车技术水平信息和道路路况,并分析了上述三个城市的燃油类型和累计行驶里程和交通流的分布特征。分析结果衰明,备城市的机动车技术水平特征及差距,其中广州的出租车、公交车已规模推广环保型燃料,各类车型燃料使用比例不同使得尾气成分有一定差异;广州公交车累计行驶里程和年均行驶里程分布较靠后,公交系统的使用率较高;出租车年均行驶里程低于佛山、中山。在交通流分布上,广州总交通量大于中山;广州各级道路交通量呈梯度递减分布,小时交通量差距较大;中山仅国道承担较大范围的运输,其他各级道路分布形状统一,非工作类出行比例低。     

太原市城市和农村居民尿液中羟基多环芳烃的浓度比较

尿液中的羟基多环芳烃（OH-PAHs）可作为多环芳烃内暴露剂量的指示剂.基于此,分别在采暖期（2009年12月）和非采暖期（2009年9月）采集和分析了我国北方城市——太原市60名城市居民和60名农村居民（男女人数比为1：1,年龄：30～60岁）尿样中6种OH-PAHs的浓度水平.结果表明：太原市城市居民和农村居民尿液...     

湖南小城市居民娱乐休闲意向研究

为了准确把握湖南省城市居民娱乐休闲意向的特征及其影响因素,进行了一项辅助和补充研究。通过对宁乡和常德的居民抽样调查得到基础数据,运用因子分析和聚类法得出3个大类生活形态相异的细分市场,采用对应分析和多重反应分析,得出了不同生活形态细分市场的娱乐休闲意向差异,为湖南省的娱乐市场营销问题提供基础数据和结论。     

熵权多目的地TCM模型及其在游憩资源旅游价值评估中的应用——以武夷山景区为例

多目的地环程旅行问题是TCM模型研究应用的难点和热点,减少费用分成权重确定中的主观因素成为旅游价值评估的关键性问题。论文提出基于熵权的费用分成法,综合考虑了游客在旅游区的消费情况、旅游资源要素价值、资源影响力等多方面影响因素,权重确定完全基于组合景点间的差异,避免了主观因素的影响,使费用分成合理、科学。通过对武夷山景区国内旅游价值的分析计算结果表明2002年武夷山景区游憩资源的国内旅游价值为22.301×10⁸元,其中消费者支出15.407×10⁸元,人均实际支出1452元;消费者剩余6.894×10⁸元,人均消费者剩余为650元。研究结果表明,熵权多目的地TCM模型是正确可行的。