Shark aggregation and tourism: opportunities and challenges of an emerging phenomenon

In the last few winters, shark communities have been aggregating near the Israeli Mediterranean coast, at a specific point, near Hadera power station. This unusual phenomenon has fascinated residents, visitors, kayakers, divers, and swimmers. We analyse the effects of this intense human interest on the sharks, using contingent behaviour, in Hadera and in Ashkelon, where sharks are present and there is available infrastructure for their observation. We also report on changes in shark behaviour due to change in tourism intensity. We find a change of about ILS 4.1 million annually for both sites but a larger individual consumer surplus in Hadera, where sharks are currently observable. Touristic intensity crosses the threshold level by about 12% and making the socio-equilibrium sustainable for both humans and sharks would have a social cost of ILS 0.157 million. This paper, which is based on the assessment of conservation values to marine and coastal tourists, raises a need for spatial planning in order to protect this endangered species.     

淮河下游典型农村饮用水中苯并[a]芘含量与人群健康的关系

为了解淮安市淮河两岸农村居民饮用水中ρ〔B[a]P〕(苯并[a]芘浓度)与人群肿瘤发病死亡关系,选择淮安市沿淮河分布的盱眙、金湖、楚州三县(区)14个乡镇28个村,分别在丰、枯水期采集沟塘水、浅层井水、深层井水水样并测定ρ〔B[a]P〕,分析其与当地人群肿瘤发病死亡的关系. 结果表明:在159份水样中,有89.94%的水样检测到B[a]P,ρ〔B[a]P〕平均值为9.77 ng/L(95%CI,7.01～12.54 ng/L),水样超标率为25.78%. 丰水期不同水源超标率有统计学差异(χ2=10.15,P<0.01),其中沟塘水的ρ〔B[a]P〕最高. 虽然三县(区)肿瘤发病、死亡率及各区水样中的ρ〔B[a]P〕平均值有统计学差异,但不论是丰、枯水期,沟塘水、浅层井水和深层井水中的ρ〔B[a]P〕与人群肿瘤发病、死亡率之间却均未在统计学上有相关性. 淮安市淮河流域农村居民饮用水中ρ〔B[a]P〕有一定超标,但尚未证实其与当地肿瘤高发有相关性.      

Perception,knowledge and attitude towards environmental issues and management among residents of Al-Suwaiq Wilayat,Sultanate of Oman

The purpose of this study was to determine residents’ perception, knowledge and attitude towards environmental issues and management in the Al-Suwaiq Wilayat (administrative zone) of Al-Batinah North, Sultanate of Oman. For this purpose, a questionnaire was used with questions on issues related to environment and surveyed across 109 households in the Wilayat following a random sampling method in early 2015. The results show that education, health-related infrastructure and unemployment are ranked as most important issues for government attention today and in coming 10 years besides their concern for the environment. Resident’s perceptions on most important environmental issues were concerned about solid-waste pollution, degradation of coastal areas, saltwater intrusion and land degradation. The sources for environmental information, government agencies, local media and schools were regarded as most reliable. Top environmental priorities were suggested to deal with enforcement of regulations, provide effective environmental awareness and education programs. Further, it is suggested that additional studies should be conducted such as ‘State of Environment Reporting’, thereby such reporting, for instance would provide some form of verification of reported behaviour and improved knowledge.     

我国自驾车旅游市场发展动力、特征及其效应

自驾车旅游是我国近年来兴起的一种新兴的旅游方式.论述了旅游组织方式的发展规律、旅游者的心理需求、汽车业发展、交通设施发展以及灵活的价格机制是自驾车旅游发展的主要因素,从人口学特征、旅游动机、旅游方式、旅游消费和空间流动规律等方面阐述了自驾车旅游市场特征,分析了它的经济效益和社会效益,并对自驾车旅游的可持续发展提出了相应对策.     

APPLICATION OF MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTS TO A LARGE WATER RESOURCE STUDY1

ABSTRACT: Modem management concepts were used to increase the efficiency and productivity of a large and complex water resource study conducted on two Delaware River components of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. The study analyzed the hydraulics of a 120 mile reach of the river using Rhodamine WT dye injected under medium-flow, low-flow steady-state, and low-flow-surge wave flow conditions. The study benefited from a decentralized management structure that used informal teams to attain quality control objectives, to overcome study difficulties, to secure substantial interagency cooperation, and to maximize limited financial and staffing resources.     

我国113个城市大气颗粒物污染的健康经济学评价

搜集2006年我国113个主要城市的PM10年均浓度和当年我国城市居民的健康资料,评价大气PM10污染对我国113个主要城市的居民健康影响,并粗略估算了相关的健康经济损失.结果表明,2006年大气PM10污染对我国113个城市的居民造成了较大的健康损失,可引起29.97万例过早死亡,9.26万例慢性支气管炎,762.51万例内科门诊,16.59万例心血管疾病住院和8.90万例呼吸系统疾病住院.折算成货币,总归因健康经济损失为3414.03亿元,其中由过早死亡造成的损失占87.79%.     

2020年全国公众防震减灾素养水平及主要特点研究

2020年中国地震局开展了全国公众防震减灾知识普及和科普满意度抽样调查,结果显示,17.1%的受访者具备防震减灾素养,与2018年中国公民科学素质调查结果相比较,公众防震减灾素养水平的区域分布有明显不一样的规律,公众防震减灾素养水平与区域经济发展水平之间没有明显的相关性,区域地震灾害程度和个人地震经历对公众防震减灾素养水平有显著的影响。防震减灾素养水平在城乡、性别、受教育水平等不同群体中的差别,和中国公民科学素质调查结果基本一致,受教育水平对防震减灾素养水平影响最大。在不同年龄群体中的差别则和中国公民科学素质调查结果不同,显示出独特的规律。在防震减灾科普工作中,需要重视公众防震减灾素养水平的这些特点,采取有针对性的措施来提升科普效率。     

城市新区都市旅游开发实证研究——以宁波市鄞州新城为例

我国城市化日益加快,但众多城市新区在建设和发展过程中其旅游功能尚未完全发挥出来。城市新区在建设过程中会创造众多的旅游资源,如商贸街区、标志性建筑或景观、文化场馆、体育场馆等,它们对本地市民和外来游客均具有一定的观赏、游憩、商贸和文化价值。鄞州新城作为我国东南沿海城市新区建设的代表,具有发展都市旅游得天独厚的资源和区位条件。对其都市旅游的现状及存在问题进行了细致分析,提出打造都市RBD、引入低碳旅游、植入文化元素、增加购物比重等对策与措施。     

Impacts of Social and Demographic Factors on Residents＇ Subjective Well-being in Rural China

The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society.In China,the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas.This study aimed to measure rural residents' subjective well-being(SWB) through the day reconstruction method,as well as to analyze SWB's influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods.The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%,indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time.Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0,with the average value being 47%,indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time.The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents.Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors,including age,education,county,household size,generation number,per capita income,migration status and social networking,which significantly affected rural residents' SWB.The size of the impact varied with the different factors.     

旅游地居民态度调查研究──以皖南旅游区为例

旅游业的发展必然对旅游地社会、经济、环境产生影响。通过旅游地居民态度调查研究，可以从一个侧面了解旅游对旅游地影响的性质和影响程度。本文在较详尽的实地调查基础上，以皖南旅游区为研究案例，尝试进行旅游地居民态度研究，以期较准确地了解皖南旅游区居民对当地旅游发展的态度。为皖南旅游区发展、规划提供有益的咨询。并希望以此为国内旅游地居民态度研究提供有益的参考。