西藏食物保障的自然资源相对优势分析

对西藏食物保障的自然资源相对优势研究表明 ,光能、生物、旅游资源是西藏食物保障的突出相对优势。这些资源具有独特、再生和易于持续开发利用等突出特点 ;水利资源和矿产资源具有明显的开发利用优势 ,但是 ,与经济落后形成了极大的反差 ,目前开发乏力 ,开发利用将带来后续管理与环境保护的沉重负担 ;耕地、草地与森林资源既具有明显的优势 ,又有突出的劣势 ,主要表现为数量的优势与质量的劣势。西藏未来食物保障 ,取决于如何将这些资源的相对优势有效组合、综合管理和合理开发利用。     

江苏东沙的资源及其开发潜力

东沙是江苏岸外沙洲中面积最大、高程最高的一个沙滩,但尚未开发利用。本文据实地调查、海图卫片、文献资料,分析了东沙的土地资源、生物资源和能源的开发潜力,并就如何因地制宜、合理利用,提出了建议。     

化纤废水中对苯二甲酸的导数紫外光度法测定

采用一阶导数紫外光度法测定化纤废水中对苯二甲酸。在选定条件下,标准曲线的线性相关系数γ=1.0000,线性范围为0.05～10.0mg/l。废水样品的浓度为1mg/1水平时,测定12次的相对标准偏差为0.2％。化纤废水中其他有机物质不干扰测定。     

中国南岭风化壳型稀土资源分布特征

本文从南岭风化壳型稀土资源的元素、储量、时代、构造和地理等5个方面的分布特征研究入手,分析结果得出中国南岭风化壳型稀土资源以花岗岩风化壳型稀土资源为主,表现出元素丰度高、储量大、时代新、构造条件简单和地理分布面积广的特点,其次是火山岩和碱性花岗岩,碱性岩与千枚岩的风化壳也都有稀土矿产出,从而打破了南岭风化壳型稀土矿都是由花岗岩风化后形成的传统概念,扩大了稀土资源的找矿方向与远景储量。     

宁夏人口、粮食与水土资源利用

人口、粮食与水土资源利用是宁夏回族自治区国民经济发展中的重要问题。文中分析了宁夏人口、粮食与水土资源利用现状,应用灰色系统理论及回归分析,建立人口、粮食预测模型,对2000年宁夏的人口、粮食进行了预测。分析2000年水土资源不同开发利用条件下粮食供需平衡情况后指出,充分合理利用黄河水资源,扩大灌溉面积,配合先进的农业技术,宁夏粮食不仅能自给,而且还能提供一定数量的商品粮。最后提出了解决粮食问题,防止生态环境恶化的主要途径。     

Methodological and Practical Considerations for Developing Multiproject Baselines for Electric Power and Cement Industry Projects in Central America

The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the Center for Sustainable Development in the Americas (CSDA) conducted technical studies and organized two training workshops to develop capacity in Central America for the evaluation of climate change projects. This paper describes the results of two baseline case studies conducted for these workshops, one for the power sector and one for the cement industry, that were devised to illustrate certain approaches to baseline setting. Multiproject baseline emission rates (BERs) for the main Guatemalan electricity grid were calculated from 2001 data. In recent years, the Guatemalan power sector has experienced rapid growth; thus, a sufficient number of new plants have been built to estimate viable BERs. We found that BERs for baseload plants offsetting additional baseload capacity ranged from 0.702 kgCO2/kWh (using a weighted average stringency) to 0.507 kgCO2/kWh (using a 10th percentile stringency), while the baseline for plants offsetting load-following capacity is lower at 0.567 kgCO2/kWh. For power displaced from existing load-following plants, the rate is higher, 0.735 kgCO2/kWh, as a result of the age of some plants used for meeting peak loads and the infrequency of their use. The approved consolidated methodology for the Clean Development Mechanism yields a single rate of 0.753 kgCO2/kWh. Due to the relatively small number of cement plants in the region and the regional nature of the cement market, all of Central America was chosen as the geographic boundary for setting cement industry BERs. Unfortunately, actual operations and output data were unobtainable for most of the plants in the region, and many data were estimated. Cement industry BERs ranged from 205 kgCO2 to 225 kgCO2 per metric ton of cement.     

Water pricing towards sustainability of water resources: a case study in Beijing

The role of water pricing for managing water resources is widely recognized in many areas of the world because of the increasing scarcity of water resources, a high competition between water uses and environmental degradation. Based on the analysis of cost of water, this paper explores which types of cost should be reflected in the water pricing enhancing the sustainability of water resources. The principle of full cost pricing in which the cost should include supply cost, opportunity cost and externalities is proposed as a means to achieve the sustainability of water resources. In a case study of Beijing, low water price is analyzed as one reason for unsustainable water consumption. Thus water pricing justified is necessary and pressing. It is proposed to justify water price in phased manner and eventually towards full cost pricing. The assessment of impacts on water resources by raising water price shows water pricing could alleviate the conflict between water supply and demand. This paper concludes that water pricing can play an effective role in enhancing the sustainability of water resources in Beijing.     

我国环境资源立法的缺陷与完善初探

我国环境资源立法虽然已有一定基础，但仍然存在诸如体系结构 不完善、内容滞后、操作性不强等问题，急需根据市场经济与可持续发展的要求进一步完善其体系、健全其内容。     

华东地区矿产资源开发现状

全区有各种类型矿山企业近2.3万个,矿产开发从业人员近180万人,资源开发涉及的矿种多,数量大。但是华东地区不同类型矿产开发存在较大差异。本文对华东地区不同类型矿产的开发状况包括不同类型矿山数量、规模、矿山企业类型、选矿及开采方式等进行了系统分析,指出华东地区矿产资源开发存在的问题,提出了该区矿产资源开发规划建议。     

我国森林环境服务市场构建与私人参与的选择

分析了我国出现森林资源环境服务市场构建态势及存在问题、对策等,回顾了现有市场构建的政策与制度,把森林资源环境服务与产品界定为公共产品,分析了私人部门参与的可能性、必要性。其次,对流域管理、生物多样性保护、景观价值、碳储存等生态服务的市场构建状况进行分析,最后分析市场创建机制所面临的主要挑战,并提出了相应的政策建议,以促进私人部门参与森林环境服务。