日本在循环社会和生态城市建设上的实践

文章重点介绍了近年来日本在循环社会和生态城市建设方面的实践,并试图探讨中国今后在生态城市建设上的发展方向。     

矸石山综合治理工程应用实践

针对汾西矿业集团河东煤矿煤矸石的特点，以该矿崔家沟矸石山治理工程为例，介绍了一种以工程措施和生物措施相结合的方法治理矸石山的新技术模式。     

Current Practice and Future Prospects for Social Data in Coastal and Ocean Planning

Coastal and ocean planning comprises a broad field of practice. The goals, political processes, and approaches applied to planning initiatives may vary widely. However, all planning processes ultimately require adequate information on both the biophysical and social attributes of a planning region. In coastal and ocean planning practice, there are well‐established methods to assess biophysical attributes; however, less is understood about the role and assessment of social data. We conducted the first global assessment of the incorporation of social data in coastal and ocean planning. We drew on a comprehensive review of planning initiatives and a survey of coastal and ocean practitioners. There was significantly more incorporation of social data in multiuse versus conservation‐oriented planning. Practitioners engaged a wide range of social data, including governance, economic, and cultural attributes of planning regions and human impacts data. Less attention was given to ecosystem services and social–ecological linkages, both of which could improve coastal and ocean planning practice. Although practitioners recognize the value of social data, little funding is devoted to its collection and incorporation in plans. Increased capacity and sophistication in acquiring critical social and ecological data for planning is necessary to develop plans for more resilient coastal and ocean ecosystems and communities. We suggest that improving social data monitoring, and in particular spatial social data, to complement biophysical data, is necessary for providing holistic information for decision‐support tools and other methods. Moving beyond people as impacts to people as beneficiaries, through ecosystem services assessments, holds much potential to better incorporate the tenets of ecosystem‐based management into coastal and ocean planning by providing targets for linked biodiversity conservation and human welfare outcomes. La Práctica Actual y los Prospectos Futuros para los Datos Sociales en la Planeación Costera y Oceánica     

氮肥运筹对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响

开展了连续2 a（2019～2020年）的田间试验,通过设置不施肥（CK）、农户习惯施肥（CF）、二次追肥（TT）和有机肥替代20%化肥（OF）这4个处理,用静态箱-气相色谱法研究施肥对稻田CH₄和N₂O排放的影响,并综合水稻产量和综合温室效应（GWP）对单位水稻产量温室气体排放强度（GHGI）进行分析,探讨长江中下游典型水稻种植区增产减排的施肥方式.结果表明：（1）与CK相比,两年间各施肥处理均降低了CH₄排放,降幅为14.6%～25.1%;增加了N₂O排放,增幅为610%～1 836%;（2）与CF相比,TT和OF处理均呈现增加CH₄排放和降低N₂O排放的趋势,TT和OF处理两年CH₄累积排放量年均值的增幅分别为1.8%（P>0.05）和14.0%（P<0.05）; TT和OF处理两年N₂O累积排放量年均值的降幅分别为63.3%（P<0.05）和49.2%（P<0.05）;（3）与CK...     

生态城市建设理论与实践研究综述

回顾生态城市思想的产生过程,分别阐述生态城市的概念、内涵、特征等内容,从生态城市建设的基本理论、原则、规划方法、思想等方面分别对国内外生态城市的建设理论和实践研究进行总结,通过对比国内外有关生态城市建设的研究与实践差异,对中国生态城市建设研究提出建议,如区别现实生态城市与理想生态城市的差异,探寻城市生态化的驱动因子和建设途径,加强理论研究与实践相结合及理论与方法研究的系统性和整体性,营造全方位的生态城市建设氛围等的方面。     

基于过程安全的“三标”班组建设实践与探索

提出基于过程安全的"三标"班组建设基本内容,分析了过程安全管理各要素在班组层面的薄弱环节,探索推进基层"三标"班组建设的做法,即:严控风险、考核激励,深化内部管理标准化;规范硬件、优化软件,强化作业环境标准化;强化培训、演练提升,推进岗位操作标准化。     

Preventing falls among seniors: the way forward

There is a growing body of research about the etiology and prevention of falls. However, the persistently high incidence of falls among seniors calls for renewed efforts to develop, test, implement, and scale-up fall prevention strategies for older adults. This paper considers advances in the field and describes three priority areas for generating research and translating knowledge on fall prevention. Clinical practice guidelines, systems change approaches and environmental risk factors are discussed. Recommendations include transcending our health sector view of the fall prevention problem, supporting comparative research on system-oriented approaches to fall prevention, and examining ways to sustain and scale-up fall prevention efforts.     

气室连通管调压技术调控矿井采空区瓦斯涌出实践

在煤矿无煤柱开采过程中,采煤工作面及其作业空间往往因处于空气压能相对低位,受到邻近采空区内瓦斯等有害气体侵入的威胁。通过研究和实施气室连通管调压技术,合理改变采煤工作面邻近老空区外围的压能关系,调控老空区瓦斯涌出方向和涌出量,有效阻止老空区高浓度瓦斯侵入回采工作面作业空间。     

高职环境类《分析化学》改革的探讨与实践

分析化学是环境类高职高专院校开设的一门专业基础课程,主要教学目标在于培养学生在环境监测领域的职业技能。针对我院不同专业分析化学教学的现状及其存在的问题,结合分析化学的学科特点及社会发展趋势,从进行设计方案型教学,到整体优化教学内容、改革教学手段、开展证书制度等几方面入手,对分析化学理论与实践教学进行了改革尝试,从而达到真正落实素质教育,切实提高学生综合能力的目的。     

Occupational Health Care in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises—How Many Doctors Do We Need and How Do We Ensure Good Care?

The translation of the framework directive 89/391/EEC (Council Directive 89/391/EEC) into national law aims at supplying occupational protection and health care to all employees of large, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) likewise, depending on assessed exposure. Prior incomplete protection of the German workforce with bias against the SMEs requires an assessment of quantitative and qualitative adequacy of present occupational health care practice and also of future needs.

Therefore, the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of Germany initiated a study to evaluate the present state of occupational health care in 4 regions with different geographic and economic structure. Based on these data the future demand for adequately trained occupational physicians will be estimated by employing a statistical method that allows for including a large number of modifying variables (economic development, demographic change, etc.).

Expected result of the applied technique are the estimated minimal and maximal number of occupational physicians that have to be trained to meet future demand. In the same study models of best practice will be identified and evaluated for general application. The project started in October 1997 and will be finished by January 2000.