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41.
宁夏灌溉回归水开发再利用的评价   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
宁夏灌溉回归水指灌溉农业土壤深层渗滤水、农田尾水、渠道渗漏水、退水及少量的工业废水和城镇生活污水,年排量30~35亿m。对灌溉回归水20种物质含量的评价表明,它属无毒有害型淡水。采取与渠水(来自黄河水)掺灌或轮灌对作物生长无不良影响,也不会引起土壤盐碱化,可大胆开发利用。  相似文献   
42.
利用三段A/O工艺作为发制品产业集聚区综合废水生物处理单元,探讨了不同进水流量分配比和污泥回流比下COD、TN、PO43--P的去除性能和微生物群落特征.结果表明,在进水流量分配比60%:25%:15%、污泥回流比75%、缺氧区与好氧区容积比1:1、SRT 20d、HRT 16h条件下,三段A/O工艺处理综合废水后出水TN平均浓度14.85mg/L,COD浓度低于40m/L;此时PO43--P去除率达到最大值,为56.21%.参与处理综合废水的主要门水平微生物Proteobacteria和Bacteroidetes的相对丰度是45.63%~60.13%和16.65%~30.55%.Denitratisoma、Thauera、uncultured-f-Saprospiraceae和Sulfuritalea等优势菌属相对丰度的增加,是三段A/O工艺TN去除率随第一分段进水流量分配比增大或污泥回流比降低而提高的本质体现.  相似文献   
43.
宏观市场环境对BOT模式投资污水处理行业的影响研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
污水处理BOT投资模式是一种国际流行的公共基础设施建设融资方式。鉴于国内污水处理市场化程度较低、污水处理率及处理效率不高等压力,政府正通过调整行业政策,不断鼓励社会资本以BOT模式进入污水处理行业。污水处理市场前景与商机方面,中国污水处理市场发展空间巨大。市场环境方面,宏观经济发展速度对污水处理行业发展的影响不大;中国各项产业政策均有利于污水处理市场化发展;而且行业综合风险较低。投资收益方面,市政公用设施的性质特点,决定了污水处理行业投资收益率不高但长期稳定。总结来看,宏观市场环境将越来越有利于以BOT模式投资污水处理市场,BOT模式投资是可行的。  相似文献   
44.
    
Although half of the administrative units in China are said to have implemented their local Agenda 21, the promotion of sustainable communities is not pervasive. In this paper, we adopted a relatively untried mode of analysis and a socio-economic context to illustrate the potentials and failures of China's grassroots local government bodies in achieving sustainable waste management. Our study shows that, among the three main functions of sustainable waste management (ensuring environmental hygiene, provision of recycling logistics and changing the consumption pattern of the local community) for local governments, grassroots local government bodies in mainland China are only able to do the minimum, i.e. ensuring environmental hygiene and handling complaints. One of the reasons for the failure is that, despite the emphasis on capacity building in China's Agenda 21, the reality is that no action is taken to empower grassroots local government. Despite the high profile accorded by the Chinese central government to motivating local governments to formulate their own Agenda 21, local sustainability and waste management performance have little relevance to the appraisal systems of these government agents.  相似文献   
45.
秸秆腐解剂在秸秆还田中的效果研究初报   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在大田、微区和盆栽条件下,研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻生长及产量的影响,同时研究了秸秆腐解剂对小麦、水稻秸秆腐解速率及对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,稻、麦秸秆还田时施用秸秆腐解剂对提高稻、麦产量具有明显的增产效果,增产的原因是穗数和粒数增加;稻、麦秸秆还田量不同时,还田量大且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较还田量小好;麦秸秆还田方式不同时,麦秸以栽稻前耕翻还田且配施秸秆腐解剂的效果较好,上水沤制的效果较差;秸秆腐解剂能促进稻、麦秸秆较快腐解,减轻和防止多量秸秆还田给作物生长带来不利影响,并可稳定和提高土壤养分含量。  相似文献   
46.
研究了福建三明27a生杉机光木混交林和杉木群落细根(d<2mm)的生产力、分布、和养分归还。结果表明,混交林细根生物量、N、P养分现存量分别为5.381thm^2、48.085kghm^-2和4.174kghm^-2,分别比杉木纯林增加17.4%、27.2%和20.0%,混交林林细根的年净生产力达4.124thm^-2a^-1,比纯林高出16.9%,混交林杉木和观光木细根均在表层土壤富集,而在较深层土壤再会得分布具镶嵌性;与混交林杉林相比,纯林杉木土吉表层细根量较少,最大分布层次下移,混交林中观光木细根的周转速率咪1.16,杉木为0.96和0.95;而林下植被层细根周转速率(1.46-1.52)均同于相应的乔木层,混交林细根的年死亡量、N和P养分年归还量分别达2.119thm^-2、18.559kghm^-21.565kgkhm^-2,分别是纯林的1.21倍、1.23倍和1.14 倍,其中林下植被细根占有较为重要位置,对细根分布与土壤性质的相关分析表明,细根的垂直分布与土壤全N的相关性最强(0.87-0.89)。  相似文献   
47.
    
Perennial nectar-producing wild plant species (WPS) cultivation for biogas production helps improve ecosystem services such as habitat functioning, erosion mitigation, groundwater protection, and carbon sequestration. These ecosystem services could be improved when WPS are harvested in late winter to produce pellets and briquettes as solid energy carriers for heat production. This study aims for gaining first insights into the use of WPS biomass as resource for pellet and briquette combustion with focus on two perennial WPS common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.), and two biennial WPS yellow melilot (Melilotus officinalis L.) and wild teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.). All WPS are found economically viable for pellet combustion. The main drivers are i) low cultivation costs, ii) subsidies, and iii) low pellet production costs due to low moisture contents. However, high ash contents in WPS biomass justify the need of i) blending with woody-biomass or ii) supplementing with additives to attain international standards for household stoves. This approach appears technically feasible providing a research field with significant potential impacts. As 70% of the pellet market is demanded as household level, public concern about the legal framework of alternative plant biomass pellets must be overcome to develop this market.  相似文献   
48.
    
Widespread human action and behavior change is needed to achieve many conservation goals. Doing so at the requisite scale and pace will require the efficient delivery of outreach campaigns. Conservation gains will be greatest when efforts are directed toward places of high conservation value (or need) and tailored to critical actors. Recent strategic conservation planning has relied primarily on spatial assessments of biophysical attributes, largely ignoring the human dimensions. Elsewhere, marketers, political campaigns, and others use microtargeting—predictive analytics of big data—to identify people most likely to respond positively to particular messages or interventions. Conservationists have not yet widely capitalized on these techniques. To investigate the effectiveness of microtargeting to improve conservation, we developed a propensity model to predict restoration behavior among 203,645 private landowners in a 5,200,000 ha study area in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed (U.S.A.). To isolate the additional value microtargeting may offer beyond geospatial prioritization, we analyzed a new high-resolution land-cover data set and cadastral data to identify private owners of riparian areas needing restoration. Subsequently, we developed and evaluated a restoration propensity model based on a database of landowners who had conducted restoration in the past and those who had not (n = 4978). Model validation in a parallel database (n = 4989) showed owners with the highest scorers for propensity to conduct restoration (i.e., top decile) were over twice as likely as average landowners to have conducted restoration (135%). These results demonstrate that microtargeting techniques can dramatically increase the efficiency and efficacy of conservation programs, above and beyond the advances offered by biophysical prioritizations alone, as well as facilitate more robust research of many social–ecological systems.  相似文献   
49.
为探究秸秆还田和化肥相互作用对农田土壤微生物活性、微生物生物量(SMB)、土壤微生物熵(qmb)和土壤-微生物化学计量不平衡性的影响从而稳固土壤和增产培肥,试验采用二因素裂区设计,主处理为秸秆还田(W1)和秸秆不还田(W0),副处理为不施化肥、施用氮肥(N)和施用氮磷肥(NP),探究不同处理下土壤-微生物量碳氮磷变化特征及化学计量特征、化学计量不平衡性和微生物量熵之间的耦合关系. 结果表明,W1NP土壤有机碳(SOC)含量相比于W0显著提高(P<0.05),W1NP土壤全氮(TN)含量相比W0提高了56.56%,土壤(TP)含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),W1NP处理C/P相较于W0显著提高(P<0.05). W1NP处理土壤微生物碳(MBC)、土壤微生物氮(MBN)和土壤微生物磷(MBP)含量均相较于W0显著提高(P<0.05). 秸秆还田各处理中土壤MBN含量较W0相比均有显著提高(P<0.05). W0NP与W1NP处理土壤MBP含量差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),各处理MBN/MBP均显著高于W0(P<0.05). 施用磷肥微生物量熵碳(qmbc)、微生物量熵氮(qmbn)和微生物量熵磷(qmbp)会显著增加(P<0.05),W1与W0处理碳磷不平衡比(C/Pimb)无显著差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他处理(P<0.05). 各处理氮磷不平衡比(N/Pimb)较W0均显著降低(P<0.05). 相关性分析表明,MBC、MBN和MBP间均为显著正相关关系(P<0.05),且均与化学计量不平衡性呈显著负相关(P<0.05). 冗余分析表明,MBC/MBP与qmbc之间关系最密切,MBN/MBP与微生物量熵磷之间关系显著,微生物量熵氮与MBN/MBP之间关系最密切(P<0.05). 综上所述,秸秆还田配施氮磷肥(W1NP)处理改善土壤养分,改变土壤化学计量特征,同时提高土壤肥力,是最优处理.  相似文献   
50.
The effect of particle density on the turbulent open-channel flow carrying dilute particle suspensions is investigated using two specific gravities and three concentrations of solid particles. The particles, identical in size and similar in shape, were natural sand and a neutrally buoyant plastic. The particles were fully suspended, and formed no particle streaks on the channel’s bed. Accordingly, the changes in the flow are attributed to the interactions between suspended particles and flow turbulence structures. Measurements were obtained by means of image velocimetry enabling simultaneous, but distinct, measurement of liquid and particle velocities. The experimental results show that, irrespective of particle specific gravity, particle suspension influences bulk velocity of flow and the Kármán coefficient, while friction velocity essentially remains constant. The results also show that particles in suspension modify local water turbulence over the flow depth, but in ways not accurately predicted using the customary parameters for characterizing turbulence modification.  相似文献   
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