生态文明背景下物流业低碳化发展实现路径研究

物流业为碳排放量较大的行业,也是国家重点鼓励和支持的产业,实现其低碳化有利于增强行业竞争力、缓解环境问题、推动社会经济生态低碳化发展.物流业面对低碳化发展的机遇与挑战,应正视行业低碳化发展在政策和体制上存在的问题,同时需要政府健全低碳物流激励约束机制、完善物流相关基础设施;企业要有效实现共同配送和联合运输,积极推进低碳物流技术的研发与推广,完善物流信息系统,优化物流节点;社会公众形成低碳意识,支持低碳产品.     

基于粗糙集和IPA的煤矿生产物流系统安全影响因素分析

针对煤矿生产物流系统安全影响因素众多、各因素对煤矿安全影响作用复杂的问题,提出基于粗糙集和IPA定位分析法的煤矿生产物流系统安全影响因素分析模型。首先运用粗糙集属性重要度思想对煤矿安全影响因素进行排序,然后采用IPA定位分析法识别不同安全状态煤矿安全生产的制约因素,最后通过对河南义马煤业集团跃进煤矿进行实证分析验证模型的可行性。结果表明,各因素对煤矿安全影响的重要度由大到小排序为通风设施、通风安全监控、通风技术管理、排水设备配置、机电安全管理、排水技术人员配备(采掘关系)、采掘机械、排水机构设置、安全运输、应急救援、采掘技术管理,且对于不同安全状态等级的煤矿而言,制约其安全的主要因素也不相同。     

渗滤液反渗透浓缩液回灌出水水质变化规律的研究

为更科学合理地选择回灌填埋体提供一定的理论依据,对3个不同年份垃圾柱的回灌出水进行了水质变化规律的研究.采用成都某垃圾填埋场的渗滤液反渗透浓缩液,对装填了填埋龄为1、5和15 a垃圾的垃圾柱开展了回灌实验,研究了回灌出水中酸碱度、总有机碳、氨氮、硝态氮、重金属的变化规律.结果表明,1 a垃圾柱处于产甲烷化阶段,具有较好的去除硝态氮的能力,硝态氮的降解率达到了88%以上,但出水有机物、氨氮浓度较高,对指标的改变主要通过生物作用;5 a垃圾柱已接近稳定化,但还没有矿化垃圾的典型特征,吸附能力与生物作用均较差,对有机物、盐分、Cr、Ni的削减能力较小;15 a柱具有较好的吸附能力和络合能力,对有机物、盐分、Cr、Ni具有较好的削减能力,初期的去除率分别达到了90%、78%、93%、74%,但随着回灌进行会接近或达到吸附容量,需要控制回灌过程和进度.     

我国绿色物流的发展现状和应对措施

所谓绿色物流,就是以降低对环境的污染、减少资源消耗为目标的物流活动。但是,绿色物流的理念才刚刚传入我国,对政府和企业而言都还是一个全新的话题,不少企业对其重要性还缺乏认识。对此,政府应该根据5R原则对企业进行规制与政策激励,加强企业的环境自律和消费者的绿色理念宣传,把绿色理念的传播贯穿全社会。     

SURFACE WATER RESOURCES OF ST. JOHNS RIVER,FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: The St. Johns River basin is the largest watershed entirely within the State of Florida, and is one of the few northward flowing rivers in the United States. The river basin contains 11,431 square miles, of which 9,430 square miles are drained by the river and its tributaries. The remainder drains into the Atlantic Ocean or the Intracoastal Waterway. Its largest sub-basin is the Oklawaha River basin, which has a drainage area of 2,870 square miles. Ground elevations range from sea level to 200 feet above mean sea level in the main river basin and as high as 300 feet above mean sea level in the Oklawaha River basin. This study was designed to investigate the surface water resources of the St. Johns River and the existing consumptive uses. The analysis revealed that the river is an extremely large and valuable resource which has been under-utilized and could play a much stronger role in serving the needs of the people in the basin.     

DESALTING SALINE WATER FOR IRRIGATION A CASE STUDY,COACHELLA AREA,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT .A case study was performed to evaluate potential applications of desalted saline water for agriculture using 2 distillation type processes and 2 membrane type processes. The investigation determined the costs and benefits associated with desalting saline water at concentrations of 1,500, 900, 400, 200, and 50 ppm. Benefits from desalting are generated by shifts to more profitable crops, reduced costs for drainage, and reduction in fertilizer and labor requirements with better quality water. Costs are based on the project features such as desalting plants, raw water diversion facilities, storage reservoirs, conveyance and distribution systems, brine disposal, blending facilities, and gypsum addition systems. Hydrologic studies determined the crop irrigation requirements, water demand schedules, desalted water storage requirements, brine disposal requirements, and size of facilities required. Reconnaissance design layouts were made for producing desalted water using a combination of 14 schemes. The study also included a review of irrigation practices. The benefit-cost ratios range from 0.4 to 1.0 for 1,500 ppm irrigation water to 0.8 to 1.0 for 50 and 200 ppm water. Investment costs per acre are high, ranging from $12,900 to $20,900. Irrigation benefits are based on the increase in production from a desert condition with no water supply to the irrigation conditions studied.     

膜法处理精对苯二甲酸精制废水

采用“沉淀—超滤—反渗透—电去离子”工艺处理精对苯二甲酸精制废水,产水作为生产工艺用水回用于生产系统,考察了各工艺单元的操作条件。实验结果表明,在沉淀时间为4 h、超滤膜截留分子量为1 000且采用错流过滤模式、反渗透运行压力为1.8~2.2 MPa且温度控制在25~30 ℃、电去离子单元出水电阻率为5 MΩ·cm的操作条件下,最终出水水质优于GB/T 50109—2014《工业用水软化除盐设计规范》中的二级除盐水指标,可回用为生产工艺用水。     

琥珀山庄污水处理厂污泥上浮的成因与控制

污水处理厂的污泥上浮会影响污水处理系统的操作、运行和出水水质.活性污泥上浮以后,如不及时处理会造成污泥大量流失、氧化沟内MLSS值降低、微生物量锐减,导致运行彻底失败.本文以合肥市琥珀山庄污水处理厂的工艺运行为实例,寻求活性污泥上浮的原因及其控制对策.通过多年的观察与实践,认为污泥上浮的主要原因有污泥老化与腐化、污泥反硝化、冲击负荷、曝气过度、污泥携油上浮等.实践表明,气温、气压和水温的变化也是污泥上浮的重要原因.常用的控制污泥上浮的方法有增加污泥回流量、及时排除剩余污泥、降低混合液浓度、缩短污泥龄、降低溶解氧、消除沉淀池的死角区、加大池底坡度以及改进池底刮泥设备等.     

华电大同第一热电厂全厂废水综合处理改造

针对华电大同第一热电厂生活污水和生产废水的具体水质特点,采用了相应的处理方法。两股废水处理之后混合,经过多介质过滤、超滤、反渗透、加氨处理后回用,各项出水水质指标均明显低于《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》的标准,基本实现了废水、固废的零排放。     

Evaluating efforts to build sustainable WEEE reverse logistics network design: comparison of regulatory and non-regulatory approaches

Many developing countries such as Turkey are still making an effort on building an infrastructure for waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) reverse logistic network design (RLND) processes. It is obvious that policies/laws/regulations related to WEEE management provide a sustainable framework for implementation in the RLND. The question is here: Does the implementation of WEEE directives make sense in terms of reducing the total cost of the network in the long term? This study aims to compare regulatory and non-regulatory situations of WEEE RLND in developing countries by formulating two models named as ‘regulatory’ and ‘non-regulatory’. Model 1 is considered as sustainable with economic, environmental and social goals, and the quotas imposed by the environmental directive are taken into consideration as the data of product return amount. In Model 2, only economic goal is considered, and product return amount is forecasted using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). A case study is conducted in a recycling company in order to evaluate performance of the proposed models. This study contributes to the relevant literature by (1) comparing the regulatory and non-regulatory situations RL models explicitly and (2) proposing ANN model to forecast EEE product return or WEEE quantity for non-regulatory situation.