反向电场电袋过滤PM2.5的试验研究

为高效收集微细颗粒物,提出一种反向电场静电增强袋式除尘器;并研究了过滤风速对反向电场静电增强袋式除尘器除尘效率的影响;试验对比了反向电场静电增强袋式除尘器、预荷电袋式除尘器、普通袋式除尘器的除尘效果,结果表明,反向电场袋式除尘器的除尘性能明显优于普通袋式除尘器和预荷电袋式除尘器.对于处理PM2.5烟雾,当风速为1.5 m/min时,反向电场静电增强袋式除尘器的除尘效率比普通袋式除尘器高10.0％以上;当风速为2.0 m/min时,反向电场静电增强袋式除尘器的除尘效率比普通袋式除尘器高50.0％以上.     

某污水处理厂倒置A2/O工艺中制药类污染物的去除规律分析

针对西安市某污水处理厂的倒置A2/O工艺,通过对主要构筑物的布点检测,分析了污水中4种制药类污染物非那西汀、咖啡因、吉非罗齐和胆固醇的浓度变化及其去除规律.结果表明,污水厂进水中非那西汀、咖啡因、吉非罗齐和胆固醇的浓度分别为8.22、127.31、12.93和5.61μg·L-1,整个污水处理工艺中,非那西汀、吉非罗齐和胆固醇主要是被格栅、曝气沉砂池和初沉池去除,咖啡因则以生物降解为主.A2/O生物反应池中,吉非罗齐和胆固醇以厌氧生物降解为主,非那西汀和咖啡因则以好氧生物降解为主.脱水污泥中非那西汀、咖啡因、吉非罗齐和胆固醇的含量分别为0.09、2.62、12.24和0.91μg·g-1,污泥对吉非罗齐的吸附效果最为显著.污水厂出水中制药类污染物的浓度为0.17～1.98μg·L-1,出水中咖啡因的浓度偏高因而需要做进一步的三级处理.     

古建筑木构架抗震性能试验

为保护古建筑,采用低周反复加载试验方法,以故宫太和殿某开间梁柱尺寸为原型,制作了3组1:8的缩尺比例的4梁4柱模型,考虑榫卯节点形式为燕尾榫,进行了低周反复加载试验,研究了古建筑木构架的抗震性能,获得了构架的P-Δ曲线,分析了构架的骨架曲线、耗能能力、刚度退化及变形能力,归纳了构架恢复力拟合曲线计算公式。结果表明:古建筑木构架的P-Δ滞回曲线为Z形,具有明显的捏拢特性;随着构架侧移增大,其侧移刚度降低,耗能能力趋于稳定;另一方面,构架具有良好的变形能力。     

Time in a bottle: challenges to disaster studies in Latin America and the Caribbean

LA RED (Network of Social Studies on the Prevention of Disasters in Latin America) has become the most influential group analysing disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its contributions have paved the way for a new way of understanding disasters, disaster risk, and their management, concerning: (i) that disasters are not natural, but socially constructed; (ii) the inherent nexus between disaster risk, development, and the environment; (iii) the significance of small‐ and medium‐sized disasters and extensive and intensive risks; (iv) disaster risk management at the local level; and (v) integrated disaster risk research and the need for forensic investigations of disasters. As a result of this unification of challenges, intellectual communities of connected individuals were formed. Nonetheless, a focus on territorial management, exposure, and vulnerability remains a challenge for academia. In addition, the labyrinths of disaster risk governance must be disentangled by other stakeholders, such as national authorities, policymakers, and practitioners.     

Energy conversion from electrolyte concentration gradient using charged nano-pores

Power generation based on the reversed electro-dialysis (RED) cell is studied both numerically and experimentally in this work. The membrane that separates the concentrated and dilute electrolytes is treated as a charged nano-pore array. Both numerical and experimental results show that the RED cell performance is similar to the typical electrochemical cell having a linearly varied current–voltage relation. The open circuit voltage and short-circuit current depend on the ion selectivity of the nano-pore membrane, which is related to the concentration ratio, pore surface charge density, and pore size. The highest energy conversion efficiencies are approximately 48% and 24% from numerical predictions and experimental measurements, respectively. The reason for this discrepancy is attributed to the inhomogenous pore size and surface charge density distributions of the Al₂O₃ membrane used in these experiments.     

The normal fetus of an acardiac twin pregnancy: Perinatal management based on echocardiographic and sonographic evaluation

Experience with three prenatally diagnosed pregnancies complicated by an acardiac twin reveals that ultrasonography and echocardiography are helpful in detecting early signs of in-utero congestive heart failure in the normal twin. The use of Doppler blood flow analysis to determine direction of blood flow, post-mortem placental and fetal angiography, and umbilical cord blood gas determination provided proof that retrograde arterial perfusion occurs in the acardiac fetus. In a fourth pregnancy, an experimental approach to occlude the acardiac twin's umbilical cord was attempted, but was unsuccessful.     

ESR技术应用于逆胶束酶体系性能的研究

采用鼠李糖脂构建逆胶束体系,并利用电子自旋共振（ESR）技术研究了鼠李糖脂逆胶束及鼠李糖脂逆胶束酶体系的性能.采用ESR光谱技术计算得出逆胶束体系中超精细分裂常数变化,研究表明鼠李糖脂在正己烷中的临界胶度为0.07mmol/L.通过分析ESR光谱中旋转相关时间的变化,探究电子自旋探针在逆胶束中运动受阻和翻转所需时间的情况同时,ESR光谱的峰值体现了样品中自由基含量的多少.通过对比逆胶束体系、逆胶束酶体系以及逆胶束酶-苯酚体系的ESR光谱,结果表明鼠李糖脂逆胶束-苯酚体系的自由基最多.通过研究对16-氮氧自由基硬脂酸对两个体系作用,推测出电子自旋探针自由基团定位于逆胶束水核中,并且推断电子自旋探针位于水核的边缘区域,即结合水水层.该研究为逆胶束酶体系的应用提供了坚实的理论基础.     

复配逆胶束体系中漆酶催化性能研究

在由鼠李糖脂和Tween-80构建而成的复配逆胶束媒介研究了漆酶的催化性能.采用紫外法考察了Tween-80摩尔含量、逆胶束含水量、水相酸碱度、水相盐度以及助表面活性剂种类等反应条件对漆酶催化性能的影响.研究结果表明,反应的最佳条件:Tween-80的摩尔含量为30%,体系含水量为20,缓冲溶液pH为4.5,KCI浓度为70mmol/L,助表面活性剂正己醇.并且在最佳条件下,漆酶在复配逆胶束体系中的酶活比在单相鼠李糖脂逆胶束中高1.44倍,比在水溶液中高4.35倍,研究结果表明复配表面活性剂在构建胶束酶学上具有很大的潜力.     

Toxicity tests with luminescent photobacteria and quantitative structure activity relationships for nitroparaffins

EC₅₀ values of different nitroparaffins were determined by a photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test. Octanol/water partition coefficients were determined by a reversed phase HPLC method. From these experimental data quantitative structure activity relationships were deduced which point to a dependence of toxicity on a “form factor” that includes the number of methyl and methylene groups in a molecule. The hypothesis will be formulated that the specific effects depend on the number of methylgroups and an equation for specific effects is given.     

高效液相色谱法检测与化感现象相关的5种酚酸

建立了香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸、丁香酸、香豆酸和阿魏酸等5种酚酸的高效液相色谱测定方法,利用本方法在土壤溶液和残茬腐解产物中进行5种酚酸的检测,结果表明,大豆生长一段时间后,在灭菌土壤中、未灭菌土壤中和不同茬口的土壤中,均检测到丁香酸,在残茬腐解产物中检测到香草酸、丁香酸、香豆酸和阿魏酸。