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151.
The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 recognizes the increasing importance of scientific knowledge to support conservation policies and decision making. In this study, we assessed the tendency of such knowledge in the first decade of the 21st century. We carried out a systematic review of publications in biodiversity conservation, considering the following aspects: type of research, main topic of study, object of study (i.e. biodiversity organizational level, taxonomic groups and ecosystems), pressures and drivers of change, as well as geographical distribution. In total, 966 publications were analyzed within the three journals with higher academic reach in the field under study: Biodiversity & Conservation, Biological Conservation, and Conservation Biology. Our results show that there are several biases in scientific knowledge associated with the object of study, and analyzed drivers of changes, as well as geographical distribution. However, research trends are not uniform along the first decade of 21st century, as there are some differences between 2000 and 2011 regarding the main topic of the study, the spatial scale and geographical region, and the analyzed ecosystems. We finally discuss the implications of current knowledge trends in biodiversity conservation for achieving the targets delineated by the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020. 相似文献
152.
基于DEM的分布式水文模型研究综述 总被引:72,自引:5,他引:67
基于DEM的分布式水文模型是数字化时代水文模型发展的主要方向。论文回顾了分布式水文模型30年的发展历史,对国内外分布式水文模型的研究状况做了简要评述。归纳出基于DEM的分布式水文模型的主要特点。在分布式水文模型的构建中,水文单元的划分是一个十分关键的环节,论文重点探讨了3种基于DEM常用的流域离散化方法。在模型结构方面,提出了一个典型的分布式水文模型框架,包括分布式输入模块,单元水文模型和河网汇流模型。在模型参数方面,提出了3种分布式水文模型参数的确定方法。最后,对分布式水文模型存在的几个典型问题进行了分析和讨论 相似文献
153.
经济系统物质流分析研究述评 总被引:27,自引:3,他引:24
经济系统物质流分析方法近年来在可持续发展研究领域发展尤为迅速。论文对该研究方法的发展历程、主要观点、逻辑框架及相关应用研究进行了评介,并在此基础上指出了其方法的主要作用和局限,对其未来研究的发展方向提出了建议:①主要作用有二,一是能够得到简洁的可持续发展示踪指标,二是得到的采用物理量为单位的物质流指标便于比较;②主要局限有三,一是大的物质流会冲淡物质流指标描述物质流动状况的清晰度,二是物质流指标与物质流动环境影响之间的联系不够紧密,三是使用范围有限制;③未来研究发展方向有三,一是挖掘物质流分析结果所蕴含的社会研究价值,二是与土地利用分析的结合,三是向物质投入产出表的迈进。 相似文献
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156.
JAIME L. PETERS ALEX J. SUTTON DAVID R. JONES LESLEY RUSHTON KEITH R. ABRAMS 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):1245-1258
To maximize the findings of animal experiments to inform likely health effects in humans, a thorough review and evaluation of the animal evidence is required. Systematic reviews and, where appropriate, meta-analyses have great potential in facilitating such an evaluation, making efficient use of the animal evidence while minimizing possible sources of bias. The extent to which systematic review and meta-analysis methods have been applied to evaluate animal experiments to inform human health is unknown. Using systematic review methods, we examine the extent and quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of in vivo animal experiments carried out to inform human health. We identified 103 articles meeting the inclusion criteria: 57 reported a systematic review, 29 a systematic review and a meta-analysis, and 17 reported a meta-analysis only. The use of these methods to evaluate animal evidence has increased over time. Although the reporting of systematic reviews is of adequate quality, the reporting of meta-analyses is poor. The inadequate reporting of meta-analyses observed here leads to questions on whether the most appropriate methods were used to maximize the use of the animal evidence to inform policy or decision-making. We recommend that guidelines proposed here be used to help improve the reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal experiments. Further consideration of the use and methodological quality and reporting of such studies is needed. 相似文献
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158.
样品前处理是有机污染物应急监测中的重要环节。介绍了热分离进样杆、分散液液微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、固相微萃取等适合于有机污染物应急监测的样品前处理技术,并概述了它们在环境分析领域的应用进展。如何将这些前处理技术与自身拥有的应急监测设备有效结合是环境监测技术人员亟待解决的问题。 相似文献
159.
Environmental justice research is predominately an anthropocentric endeavour, and it is unclear whether this research captures injustices to other species or the integrity of ecological systems that support all life on earth. The purpose of this article is three-fold. First, we systematically review the environmental justice literature to identify the epistemological perspectives from which environmental justice is conveyed. Second, we examine definitions of environmental justice to determine how the concept is operationalised across these paradigms. Third, we document under what conditions these definitions purposely acknowledge the interdependency of all species in order to elucidate the place (or absence) of ecological integrity in our understanding of environmental justice. We conclude with a discussion of the value of going beyond mainstream expressions of environmental justice that typically do not include ecological integrity as a way to begin addressing the problem in a more holistic way. 相似文献
160.
Sara Kophamel Björn Illing Ellen Ariel Morgan Difalco Lee F. Skerratt Mark Hamann Leigh C. Ward Diana Méndez Suzanne L. Munns 《Conservation biology》2022,36(1):e13724
Wildlife health assessments help identify populations at risk of starvation, disease, and decline from anthropogenic impacts on natural habitats. We conducted an overview of available health assessment studies in noncaptive vertebrates and devised a framework to strategically integrate health assessments in population monitoring. Using a systematic approach, we performed a thorough assessment of studies examining multiple health parameters of noncaptive vertebrate species from 1982 to 2020 (n = 261 studies). We quantified trends in study design and diagnostic methods across taxa with generalized linear models, bibliometric analyses, and visual representations of study location versus biodiversity hotspots. Only 35% of studies involved international or cross-border collaboration. Countries with both high and threatened biodiversity were greatly underrepresented. Species that were not listed as threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List represented 49% of assessed species, a trend likely associated with the regional focus of most studies. We strongly suggest following wildlife health assessment protocols when planning a study and using statistically adequate sample sizes for studies establishing reference ranges. Across all taxa blood analysis (89%), body composition assessments (81%), physical examination (72%), and fecal analyses (24% of studies) were the most common methods. A conceptual framework to improve design and standardize wildlife health assessments includes guidelines on the experimental design, data acquisition and analysis, and species conservation planning and management implications. Integrating a physiological and ecological understanding of species resilience toward threatening processes will enable informed decision making regarding the conservation of threatened species. 相似文献