常压塔塔顶腐蚀关键参量相关性分析与预测

预测常压塔顶回流罐切水的关键离子浓度可以为常压塔顶系统工艺防腐提供技术指导。收集了某炼厂2014-2016年常压装置的生产实时工艺参数、原料及产品采样数据、水质分析化验参数,采用线性插值方法对不同时间尺度的数据进行补全。通过线性相关性分析获得了影响常压塔顶回流罐切水总铁离子浓度、pH的主要因素,并基于深度学习、支持向量机回归、粒子群优化方法建立了腐蚀关键参量预测模型。结果表明,pH值和总铁离子浓度的相关因素大部分重叠,与原料性质及产品馏出温度较强相关;建立的回归模型预测精度高,在训练集和预测集上,总铁离子浓度预测值与测量值最大偏差分别为4. 4%和9. 8%,pH值预测值与测量值最大偏差分别为0. 9%和1. 1%。     

大气污染对城市能见度影响研究的理论与实践

首先从理论上探讨了颗粒物及气态污染物对能见度的影响．论述了城市大气光化学反应过程中的气粒转化过程。此外．选取4个气象参数：风速、气温、气压和相对湿度．及3个大气污染指标：SO2、NOx、PM10，与晴天水平能见度进行了相关分析．并建立回归方程。初步分析表明．城市能见度除受大气污染的影响外．还与湿度、风速．风向等气象条件及雾、降水、浮尘等天气有密切关系，它主要是大中小尺度天气和大气环境共同作用的结果．在一定条件下．它与PM10和SO2有较为明显的相关性。     

Fluoride distibution and the effect of some ions along Alexandria coastal Mediterranean seawater of Egypt

The coastal seawater of Mediterranean of Alexandria receives large amount of discharged waters containing industrial wastes, sewage, and agricultural and domestic drainage. Fluoride and some parameters were(chemical and physical) determined. The data gave indication that the content and the amount of the discharged water largely affect the chemical composition of the coastal water. Stepwise regression analysis was highly significant and the model was very fruitful, where the observed and calculated values were mostly concordant. This may indicated that there was a relation between fluoride content in coastal seawater and its content in the discharged water.     

Statistical regression modeling for energy consumption in wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment is one of critical issues faced by water utilities, and receives more and more attentions recently. The energy consumption modeling in biochemical wastewater treatment was investigated in the study via a general and robust approach based on Bayesian semi-parametric quantile regression. The dataset was derived from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, where the energy consumption of unit chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was the response variable of interest. Via the proposed approach, the comprehensive regression pictures of the energy consumption and truly influencing factors, i.e., the regression relationships at lower, median and higher energy consumption levels were characterized respectively. Meanwhile, the proposals for energy saving in different cases were also facilitated specifically. First, the lower level of energy consumption was closely associated with the temperature of influent wastewater, and the chroma-rich wastewater also showed helpful in the execution of energy saving. Second, at median energy consumption level, the COD-rich wastewater played a determinative role in the reduction of energy consumption, while the higher quality of treated water led to slightly energy intensive. Third, the higher level of energy consumption was most likely to be attributed to the relatively high temperature of wastewater and total nitrogen (TN)-rich wastewater, and both of the factors were preferably to be avoided to alleviate the burden of energy consumption. The study provided an efficient approach to controlling the energy consumption of wastewater treatment in the perspective of statistical regression modeling, and offered valuable suggestions for the future energy saving.     

Stepwise multiple regression method of greenhouse gas emission modeling in the energy sector in Poland

The energy sector in Poland is the source of 81% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Poland, among other European Union countries, occupies a leading position with regard to coal consumption. Polish energy sector actively participates in efforts to reduce GHG emissions to the atmosphere, through a gradual decrease of the share of coal in the fuel mix and development of renewable energy sources. All evidence which completes the knowledge about issues related to GHG emissions is a valuable source of information. The article presents the results of modeling of GHG emissions which are generated by the energy sector in Poland. For a better understanding of the quantitative relationship between total consumption of primary energy and greenhouse gas emission, multiple stepwise regression model was applied. The modeling results of CO₂ emissions demonstrate a high relationship (0.97) with the hard coal consumption variable. Adjustment coefficient of the model to actual data is high and equal to 95%. The backward step regression model, in the case of CH₄ emission, indicated the presence of hard coal (0.66), peat and fuel wood (0.34), solid waste fuels, as well as other sources (-0.64) as the most important variables. The adjusted coefficient is suitable and equals R² = 0.90. For N₂O emission modeling the obtained coefficient of determination is low and equal to 43%. A significant variable influencing the amount of N₂O emission is the peat and wood fuel consumption.     

建筑企业员工职业病危害认知影响因素的调查分析

随着建筑行业的持续快速发展,建筑企业作业场所中的职业病危害呈现出高发性、复杂性和持续性等特点.通过针对建筑企业员工的实际状况设计调查问卷获取第一手资料,并运用SPSS17.0统计软件建立相关分析、回归分析等模型进行数据分析,可以得知建筑企业作业场所员工遭受职业病危害的可能性与对安全知识的了解程度、从业时间、性别及文化背景这四个因素的线性相关性.通过对建筑企业作业人员职业病危害的调查与分析,辨识出影响职业病危害的人为因素,提出相关的建议措施以改善建筑企业作业场所职业病危害严重的局面,提高建筑企业员工自我保护意识,增加其职业病危害防护知识,减少职业病危害事故的发生.     

体育馆建筑内青年学生疏散预动作时间调查和分析

通过组织火灾应急疏散逃生演习、现场问卷调查等方式,统计了体育馆内人员的疏散预动作时间,进而建立多分变量逻辑斯蒂回归模型对该统计数据进行了研究.发现:男生选择疏散预动作时间为＜30 s的可能性是女生的0.886倍,选择疏散预动作时间为30-60 s的可能性是女生的2.818倍.预测人员疏散预动作时间为＜30 s、30 -60 s、＞60s的概率,男生分别为15.45％,75.61％、8.94％,而女生分别为24.14％,39.72％、36.14％;研究结果表明:人员性别的不同对疏散预动作时间有一定的影响,在体育馆类建筑中,青少年人员疏散预动作时间基本上小于60 s.     

油品真实蒸汽压多元非线性回归

油品蒸气压是从事油品蒸发损耗研究、计算油品蒸发损耗量的重要参数,但是仅有美国石油学会给出的诺模图,给利用计算机来计算储罐蒸发损耗带来了很大困难.为了利用计算机来计算储罐的蒸发损耗,运用Excel中的回归功能,对原始数据进行必要的转换,进行了真实蒸气压的多元非线性回归,回归出了油品真实蒸气压计算公式.结果显示,回归的方程具有很高的精度,利用回归方程编制了计算软件,为储罐蒸发损耗计算提供帮助.     

太湖叶绿素a浓度分布的时空特征及其影响因素

基于2005—2009年20次太湖采样期间的水质监测数据,研究了太湖叶绿素a浓度的主要分布特征,分析了水环境因子对叶绿素a浓度分布的季节性和空间性影响.结果表明,太湖叶绿素a浓度分布的空间差异较大,主要表现为梅梁湾、竺山湾、太湖西部和西南部湖区为叶绿素a浓度距平经验正交分解(EOF)第一模态空间分布的显著正值区,太湖湖心和东南湖区则为负值区;影响叶绿素a浓度的因子有水温、溶解氧、总氮、磷酸根和总磷,但总磷和水温的影响相对更为显著,而各季节叶绿素a浓度的影响因子则略有差异;影响藻类生长的因子存在较大的空间分布差异,但总磷、水温和溶解氧是其主要限制性因子,氮类营养盐的影响则处于次要地位.     

Detection and quantitation of trace levels of low molecular weight halocarbons (LMHs) associated with commercial sodium humate

Examination of vapor above commercial sodium humate and above 10wt% aqueous humate solution by gas chromatography (GC) revealed the presence of chloroform and trichloroethylene. Further examination of the aqueous humate by the purge and trap procedure confirmed the association of chloroform and trichloroethylene with the humate. GC/mass spectrometry analyses of methylene chloride extract of the humate established the association of LMHs with the humate. Improved headspace capillary GC technique showed that the humate contained not only chloroform, trichloroethylene but several other LMHs in the range 190 to 4000ng·kg^‐1.