中国青年女性血沉参考值与地理因素的关系

为制定中国青年女性血沉参考值的统一标准提供科学依据,本文收集了中国各地用温氏法测定的健康青年女性血沉参考值,并对其与地理因素的关系进行了研究,发现海拔高度是影响青年女性血沉参考值最主要的因素,随着海拔高度的逐渐增大,青年女性血沉参考值在逐渐的减小,相关性很显著。用逐步回归分析的方法推导出了一个回归方程。如果知道了中国某地的地理因素,就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的青年女性血沉参考值。依据青年女性血沉参考值与地理因素的依赖关系把中国分为青藏区,西南区,西北区,东南区,华北区,东北区等六个区     

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Acute Admissions for Ischemic Heart Disease in NSW,Australia

The recently funded Spatial Environmental Epidemiology in New South Wales (SEE NSW) project aims to use routinely collected data in NSW Australia to investigate risk factors for various chronic diseases. In this paper, we present a case study focused on the relationship between social disadvantage and ischemic heart disease to highlight some of the methodological challenges that are likely to arise.     

GENERATION OF SYNTHETIC AND MISSING CLIMATIC DATA FOR PUERTO RICO1

ABSTRACT: Climatic data such as temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed have been widely used to estimate evapotranspiration. Moat of the solar radiation data and portions of the relative humidity data are either not available or missing from the records in Puerto Rico. Depending upon the availability and data characteristics of records, three methods (including a regression technique, an averaging of historical data, and a regional average) were used to generate missing data, and a time series analysis was used to synthesize a series of climatic data. The limitations and applicability of each method are discussed. The results showed that the time series analysis method can be successfully used to synthesize a series of monthly solar radiations for several stations. The regression technique and the regional average can be successfully applied to generate missing monthly solar radiation data. The regression technique and the averaging of historical data have been satisfactorily used to interpolate missing monthly relative humidity. The explained variance (R²) varied from 0.68 to 0.88, which are both significant at the 0.05 level of significance.     

RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION AS A FUNCTION OF PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY1

ABSTRACT: This research examines what is hypothesized as a critical factor in reservoir sedimentation - precipitation variability. The coefficient of variation for annual precipitation, computed for the period relating to sedimentation, is regressed against sediment yields for several reservoirs over a wide range of environmental settings. A significant linear relationship results, and when precipitation variability is combined with several additional variables available from reservoir summary sheets, almost 83% of the total variation in sediment yield is accounted for. It is suggested that the coefficient of variation for annual precipitation fulfills a direct process role when modeling reservoir sedimentation much more effectively than annual precipitation or runoff.     

中国北方农牧交错带农村土地利用变化因子分析--以内蒙古尧勒甸子村为例

以北方农牧交错带典型生态示范村尧勒甸子村为例,应用参与式农村评估法(PRA)并结合GPS与野外测量,恢复了该村1949年后50 a来的土地利用历史过程与格局,利用GIS分析其1950-1999年的土地利用变化特点.运用因子分析和逐步回归分析方法揭示了人类活动因素对土地利用变化的作用.结果发现1985年以前耕地面积扩大,草地面积减小,沙地面积迅猛持续增加;1985年以后土地利用变化向相反的方向发展,土地利用结构趋向合理.     

Natural forest regrowth as a proxy variable for agricultural land abandonment in the Swiss mountains: a spatial statistical model based on geophysical and socio-economic variables

In many European mountain regions, natural forest regrowth on abandoned agricultural land and the related consequences for the environment are issues of increasing concern. We developed a spatial statistical model based on multiple geophysical and socio-economic variables to investigate the pattern of natural forest regrowth in the Swiss mountain area between the 1980s and 1990s. Results show that forest regrowth occurred primarily in areas with low temperature sum, intermediate steepness and soil stoniness as well as close to forest edges and relatively close to roads. Model results suggest that regions with weak labor markets are favored in terms of land abandonment and forest regrowth. We could not find an effect of population change on land abandonment and forest regrowth. Therefore, we conclude that decision makers should consider non-linearities in the pattern of forest regrowth and the fact that labor markets have an effect on land abandonment and forest regrowth when designing measures to prevent agricultural land abandonment and natural forest regrowth in the Swiss mountains.     

GENERATED MONTHLY STREAMFLOWS FOR THE MIDWESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT A critical examination of single gage site, monthly streamflow statistical characteristics for two southern Illinois rivers, an Oklahoma river and a Texas river was made using a digital computer at Northwestern University. High flow variability for the rivers was evident in that, for the rivers tested, 8 to 11 months had coefficients of variation in excess of unity. The gamma distribution was not as efficient as the normal distribution for fitting power or logarithmic transforms of the historical monthly flow data (i.e., F^1-0, F^0-5, F^0-25, Fa¹²⁵, F^0.085, and log F). No single transform to a normal distribution was adequate for all twelve monthly flows, since definite seasonal grouping patterns were found for the four rivers examined. The highly variable flow in the low-flow season(s) indicated much more skewness than was typical of the remainder of the year. For the low-flow seasons, the higher-root (smaller exponent) transforms were particularly useful. Flows were generated from a linear regression model of lag one utilizing two or more transforms for the twelve periods. The definite seasonal patterns found historically were reproduced quite well in the generated streamflows. The effect of a change in data transform from one season to the next was insignificant after one month. Thus the use of different transforms within the year did not bias the results from the linear regression model appreciably, but did help in reproducing the seasonal distribution pattern. The technique seems especially well suited for rivers with highly variable flows.     

A STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR PREDICTING THE POLLUTANTS IN A RIVER1

Urban and industrial areas continue to expand and consequently, to create serious water pollution problems to natural streams. The need for the development of accurate, reliable, and sensitive water quality prediction models is most desirable. The first objective of this research is to set guidelines for dividing a natural stream into more or less independent reaches based on some criteria. The second objective is to obtain the predicting equations of the water pollutants in a selected stream. The preliminary phase of this research evaluated water quality data sampled from the Pearl River which flows southwest and then turns south through the states of Mississippi and Louisiana. This evaluation served as guidelines to divide the total river basin into reaches (subsystems) appropriate to the objective of this research. Subsequent to this subsystem assignment, a stepwise multiple regression FORTRAN program was used to regress the pollutants (dependent variables) for both time and space on their water characteristics (independent variables). Based on the results obtained, the proposed statistical approach provides a practical tool for developing regression equations for the purpose of water pollutants' prediction.     

常用卫星图像数据光谱变换新方法

阐述了卫星图像提取数据信息的光谱变换法的基本原理和方法,并详细介绍了各种卫星图像的数据变换方程。     

DGT和CaCl2提取下冶炼场地及周边土壤Cd固液分配特征

通过梯度扩散薄膜(DGT)和CaCl₂等提取方法,研究了典型冶炼场地及周边多种类型土壤中Cd有效态含量和固液分配特征,并构建回归预测模型.结果表明:场地渣土混合土壤、林地表层和深层土壤中Cd有效态含量较高,DGT提取结果分别为23.2,1.90和2.53μg/kg,农田深层土壤、杂填土和素填土较低,分别为0.03, 0.05和0.03μg/kg.土壤Cd固液分配系数(Kd)在杂填土、素填土、渣土混合土壤中最高,黏土、农田土壤次之,全风化土和林地土壤最低.总体上DGT测定的Kd值高于Ca Cl₂测定结果,CaCl₂土液比、提取液pH值显著影响Kd值结果(P<0.05). CaCl₂提取结果能够通过线性回归有效预测DGT测定的K_d (R²=0.89～0.93).