堆放参数对瑞安矿煤堆自燃风速的影响

为确定瑞安矿煤堆自燃的环境风速,提高煤堆自燃的预判能力,使用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.0数值仿真软件,开展了5个不同尺寸分别在孔隙率0.2~0.6和环境风速0.05 m/s~13 m/s条件下堆放180 d的自热-自燃过程数值模拟。结果表明,煤堆自燃风速范围因孔隙率和堆放参数不同而异,孔隙率越小煤堆的自燃风速范围越宽,且最小、最易、最大自燃风速与孔隙率之间具有幂函数关系;影响煤堆最小、最易、最大自燃风速显著的参数分别为顶宽、底宽、高度、角度和孔隙率、孔隙率、高度和孔隙率,并构建了三个自燃风速的合理解算方程。     

多元线性回归-分光光度法测定电镀排放废水中重金属

采用多元线性回归-分光光度法进行电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的同时测定研究。以4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚(PAR)为显色剂,探索了同时测定模拟电镀废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的实验方法,建立多元线性回归模型。根据实际电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的质量浓度分布调查结果,设计了测定较低和较高浓度范围2种模型,分别对应不同水质波动程度的电镀企业废水,前者浓度范围设置基本覆盖大多数实际电镀排放废水中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的浓度,且具有较高精度。测定浓度范围较小模型对应水质波动较小的电镀排放废水,模型中Cr³⁺、Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺的质量浓度分别为0.32～0.44、0.32～0.50、0.72～0.84 mg/L,平均相对误差MR...     

Modelling the conversion of Colombian lowland ecosystems since 1940: drivers, patterns and rates

In biologically mega-diverse countries that are undergoing rapid human landscape transformation, it is important to understand and model the patterns of land cover change. This problem is particularly acute in Colombia, where lowland forests are being rapidly cleared for cropping and ranching. We apply a conceptual model with a nested set of a priori predictions to analyse the spatial and temporal patterns of land cover change for six 50-100 km(2) case study areas in lowland ecosystems of Colombia. Our analysis included soil fertility, a cost-distance function, and neighbourhood of forest and secondary vegetation cover as independent variables. Deforestation and forest regrowth are tested using logistic regression analysis and an information criterion approach to rank the models and predictor variables. The results show that: (a) overall the process of deforestation is better predicted by the full model containing all variables, while for regrowth the model containing only the auto-correlated neighbourhood terms is a better predictor; (b) overall consistent patterns emerge, although there are variations across regions and time; and (c) during the transformation process, both the order of importance and significance of the drivers change. Forest cover follows a consistent logistic decline pattern across regions, with introduced pastures being the major replacement land cover type. Forest stabilizes at 2-10% of the original cover, with an average patch size of 15.4 (+/-9.2)ha. We discuss the implications of the observed patterns and rates of land cover change for conservation planning in countries with high rates of deforestation.     

降水pH值的支持向量回归预测模型构建

将支持向量回归用于降水pH值预测模型的构建,结果表明,该模型具有较好的稳定性和较高的预测精度,降水的pH值主要受大气中碱性离子浓度的影响,起主导作用的是碱性离子的中和作用;其预测结果优于多元线性回归、主成分回归、偏最小二乘回归和投影寻踪回归等模型.     

军用物资集装箱内部温-湿度环境条件对比分析

以武汉和深圳两个高温地区军用物资开展集装箱运输为背景,分别对两个地区的集装箱内部温湿度变化及大气温度等数据进行测试并对比分析,对武汉地区的数据进行回归分析,建立了集装箱内部温度模型,预测出该地区集装箱内部最恶劣的温度及湿度范围,为危险军用物资集装箱安全储运提供了理论依据。     

阴/非离子化学剂与糖脂类生物剂复配对煤尘润湿效果影响

为解决糖脂类生物表面活性剂润湿性能差的问题,选取4种化学表面活性剂和3种生物表面活性剂,通过对化学表面活性剂与生物表面活性剂的溶液的表面张力、沉降速度和红外光谱分析,研究化学表面活性剂与生物表面活性剂复配对煤尘润湿效果的影响。研究结果表明：化学表面活性剂与生物表面活性剂复配对煤尘的润湿性存在增强作用,且化学表面活性剂润湿性能越强,复配后对煤尘润湿性的增强作用越好,当二者为阴/非组合时这种增效作用更强,当质量分数达到一定值时,影响减弱。单体与复配的表面张力的线性回归模型表明,在对复配表面张力的影响中化学表面活性剂占主要影响因素。其中化学表面活性剂SDS与生物表面活性剂槐糖脂复配时增效作用最好,表面张力最低为23.04 mN/m,煤尘沉降速度最快为7.70 mg/s。     

澳门城市垃圾焚烧量的预测与分析

运用灰色关联度方法 ,定量分析了澳门城市垃圾焚烧总量的主要影响因子 ,并利用灰色系统理论建立了城市垃圾焚烧总量的GM(1,1)模型 ,与线性回归模型的数据进行比较、验证后 ,具有一定的可行性和适用性 ,为澳门城市垃圾的分析预测和规划管理提供了定量依据     

有机过氧化物反应热的危险性预测研究

为了采用非实验的方法对安全物质学的研究内容及研究方法进行初探,基于定量结构-性质关系法,选择13种与有机过氧化物热危险性的影响因子密切相关的描述符,分别对起始分解温度T0和分解热△H的实验数据进行多元线性回归、偏最小二乘和支持向量机回归分析,从而获得3种相应的预测模型。对比T0与△H的实验值和预测值,结果发现:SVM预测模型的精度高于PLS预测模型,MLR预测模型的精度最低;同种预测模型对分解热的预测结果均优于起始分解温度。此外,分析各预测模型的稳定性数据发现:MLR模型的预测过程发生了过拟合现象,不具备预测能力;PLS模型的交互验证系数均大于0.5,具备较稳定的预测能力;SVM模型的交互验证系数均大于0.9,具备非常稳定的预测能力。     

严寒地区集装箱内部储存环境条件研究

以严寒地区采用集装箱储存货物为背景,在齐齐哈尔对冬季集装箱内部温度和大气温度等数据进行测试,对数据进行回归分析后,建立集装箱内部温度模型,预测出该地区集装箱内部最恶劣的低温极值范围,为危险货物集装箱安全储运提供理论依据,并提出了相应的对策及建议.     

GENETIC PROGRAMMING AND ITS APPLICATION IN REAL‐TIME RUNOFF FORECASTING1

ABSTRACT: Genetic programming (GP), a relatively new evolutionary technique, is demonstrated in this study to evolve codes for the solution of problems. First, a simple example in the area of symbolic regression is considered. GP is then applied to real‐time runoff forecasting for the Orgeval catchment in France. In this study, GP functions as an error updating scheme to complement a rainfall‐runoff model, MIKE11/NAM. Hourly runoff forecasts of different updating intervals are performed for forecast horizons of up to nine hours. The results show that the proposed updating scheme is able to predict the runoff quite accurately for all updating intervals considered and particularly for updating intervals not exceeding the time of concentration of the catchment. The results are also compared with those of an earlier study, by the World Meteorological Organization, in which autoregression and Kalman filter were used as the updating methods. Comparisons show that GP is a better updating tool for real‐time flow forecasting. Another important finding from this study is that nondimensionalizing the variables enhances the symbolic regression process significantly.