论可持续发展思想对法学基础理论的影响

可持续发展思想是社会发展的必然产物 ,它必将对上层建筑产生重大影响。本文从这个意义上论述了可持续发展思想对法学基础理论的影响 ,剖析了可持续发展中环境与资源之间的相互关系 ,以期推动法理学的改革和发展 ,进而更好地保障我国可持续发展战略的顺利实施。     

WATER USE CONFLICT NEAR MADISON,NEBRASKA1

ABSTRACT: Nebraska statutes give first preference for use of ground water to domestic purposes, second to agriculture, and third to manufacturing or industrial purposes. Rapid growth in the number of irrigation wells has caused an increasing number of water use conflicts. One such conflict arose from the installation and use of an irrigation well near Madison in Madison County, Nebraska. Pumping from the irrigation well coincided with head declines in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel, but appeared unrelated to water level changes in wells screened in a higher saturated sand. A drawdown-recovery test was performed to determine the degree of hydraulic connection between the wells involved. Operation of the irrigation well was determined to be the cause of the head decline in nearby domestic wells screened in the same sand and gravel. Partly as a result of this conflict, legislation recently introduced into the state legislature would require that wells of higher preference be “reasonably” constructed if wells of lower preference are to be held liable for head loss.     

建国以来我国环境立法价值理念评价

我国环境法制呈现"环境立法"的成功而控制环境问题失败的尴尬局面。文章通过建国以来我国环境法立法价值理念的评价,认为而导致这种尴尬局面的根本原因在于我国现行环境法价值理念与环境保护要求的价值理念之间存在根本冲突。     

浅谈环境执法在具体执法实践中存在的现实问题和提高环保执法能力的对策

随着社会经济的高速发展,高能耗、高排放的增加,环境问题日益严重,进而环境执法也面临着前所未有的挑战。虽然中国目前已基本形成较为完善的环保法律体系,环保领域基本上有法可依,但是在具体环保执法实践中,却面临许多困难和阻力,存在着环境执法的力度、效能不高等方面问题。如何克服困难和阻力,提高环境执法的能力、水平、高效性、权威性,是摆在环境执法人员面前的问题。本文对环境执法具体实践中,遇到存在的地方政府、法律、司法、立法和环境执法部门自身建设等环境执法工作中存在的问题进行一定的阐述,对形成的原因进行了论述分析,并提出了一些提高环保执法能力和效率的办法对策争建议。     

稳定同位素技术在河岸带功能研究中的应用

简要概述稳定同位素技术在生态学的应用领域,通过对河岸带反硝化作用限制因素、效率以及机理的回顾,体现稳定同位素技术应用的优势。重点阐述该技术在研究河岸带功能实现机理、分析河岸带生态系统物质来源和时空迁移转化规律以及研究河岸带与外界环境物质联系,生态系统食物网络组成及营养级关系中的应用,指出其能够科学反映物质空间变化和时间累积效应的特点。稳定同位素技术与传统地球化学技术的结合对国内河岸带功能研究以及生态河岸带建设具有重大的实际应用价值。     

《海洋环境保护法》的制度设置对我国环境法律制度建设的贡献

通过对<海洋环境保护法>制度设置情况的同顾与梳理,说明了这部法律在制度设置上对我国环境法律制度建设的贡献,包括它的首创性、独有性和至今仍然表现的先进性.文中说明了这部法律第一次把总量控制、基金、保险、公益诉讼等制度引入我国环境法律制度之中的情况以及对环境影响评价、环境标准、应急等制度完善的情况.     

The San Francisco Bay-Delta: A failure of decision-making capacity

The paper reviews the history of Bay-Delta decision-making in California in order to highlight the continuity between what happened with CALFED and what happened in the preceding decades since water project deliveries began in 1949. Throughout this period, there has been intense conflict about whether and how to transfer water from the Bay-Delta to users elsewhere—a conflict marked by a fundamental opposition of interests among stakeholders. We document how the State of California has failed to organize itself effectively to resolve this conflict and make a decision on how to manage the Delta. The strategy consistently adopted by the State was to encourage the main parties – agricultural and urban water diverters, and fisheries and other instream-protection interests – to work out a solution among themselves, rather than imposing one externally. However, economic theory suggests that a bargaining solution is unlikely to exist because of the extreme opposition of interest among the parties. The Bay-Delta history amply confirms this theoretical prediction. Thus, the State's strategy of relying on voluntary agreement to resolve the issue is fundamentally misconceived and is, at some level, an abdication of its responsibility.     

论西北地区沙漠化治理中法律的利益导向功能

探讨了法律在西北地区沙漠化治理中的利益导向功能,认为法律的利益导向功能会促使防沙治沙其他要素的生成,法律在沙漠化治理中将发挥重要的作用。     

美国污染物排放标准对制定我国锡工业污染物排放标准的启示

在分析美国污染物排放标准体系和排放标准法制化管理的基础上,提出我国锡工业污染物排放标准制定中应注意的事项。并指出我国污染物排放标准不适合用标准化管理,应借鉴美国的经验,走法制化管理的道路,通过健全的法律机制,保障锡工业污染物排放标准的制定和实施。     

RIP-N模型对官厅水库库滨带去氮效应的流域尺度模拟分析

以官厅水库库滨带为研究对象,构建适用于流域尺度岸边带去氮负荷估算的生态水文模型——RIP-N(Riparian-Nitrogen)模型,对官厅水库库滨带2007年3~9月间岸边带去氮效应进行分析.同时,在延庆水保站开展田间尺度的野外模拟实验,结合室内外试验分析和以往研究成果,对模型模拟结果进行验证.RIP-N模型包括土壤化学过程模拟和植物生长过程模拟.前者包括土壤反硝化模拟、硝化模拟和氨挥发模拟;后者包括植物净第一性生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)模拟、植物生产力分配模拟和植物营养元素吸收模拟.结果表明:①RIP-N模型模拟值与实验值的决定系数大于0.5,证明该模型在空间尺度模拟上的有效性及模拟结果的可靠性;②模型模拟结果表明官厅水库库滨带流域3~9月对N的总去除量为5.91×103t;③RIP-N模型对官厅水库库滨带去氮环境效益分析表明,当前库滨带土地利用格局中,滩地、林地和草地是去污效果较好的土地利用类型,3~9月对流域的去N量占流域总去N量的76.5%,在非点源污染防治中起到"汇"的作用;但是研究区中专属湿地的"汇"作用表现不明显,3~9月去N量仅占流域总去N量的5.9...