碟形沼泽湿地水中氮的动态变化及影响因素分析

通过对三江平原碟形湿地不同植被类型沼泽水体中氮含量的研究表明,漂筏苔草、毛果苔草和乌拉苔草沼泽水体中各形态氮含量具有明显的季节变化特征.总氮(TN)含量在5-10月份的植物生长季节表现为先增加后降低的趋势,不同植被类型沼泽水体TN含量明显不同.NH4+-N是无机氮的主要存在形态,含量比例在44.81%～98.89%之间.在整个生长季,乌拉苔草沼泽水NH4+-N含量呈先增加后降低的趋势,毛果苔草沼泽水NH4+-N含量在8月份具有峰值,漂筏苔草沼泽水NH4+-N含量较低,波动不大.硝态氮(NO3--N)在生长季中期含量较低,而亚硝态氮(NO2--N)含量较高;生长季末期NO3--N含量增高,而NO2--N含量降低.沼泽水体中不同形态氮浓度与植被类型、植被生长阶段密切相关,并且受到水温、降雨、蒸发、农田排水等因素的影响.     

试论劳动保护法规建设

探讨了劳动保护法规的特性、作用和现状，并就劳动保护法规建设提出了建议。力图引起劳动保护立法界人士和工作者的注意，推动劳动保护法规建设与市场经济同步发展。     

三峡库区环境安全保护法律实施机制探讨

继长江截流之后，三峡库区首期蓄水，举世瞩目的三峡工程正在兴建。结合充分的社会调查和区域经济、环境管理等相关理论，详细论述了三峡库区环境安全保护现行法律及其实施机制，深入剖析了现行实施机制包括法的遵守、法的执行、法的适用和法律监督等方面的弊端，提出了完善库区环境安全法律实施机制的建议：给守法主体提供环保教育和技术援助，完善公众参与机制，积极获取公众支持，以完善库区法的遵守；建立科学、高效、统一的库区环境安全管理体制，明确三峡库区各行政执法机关的职责，建立行政执法公示制，健全执法主体的服务机制，建立绿色信息网等以完善库区法的执行；推广环境群体诉讼，扩大环境诉讼被诉对象，改革环境诉讼费用预付方式等以完善库区法的适用。     

Production, consumption, and general equilibrium with physical constraints

This paper analyzes the consequences of integrating the conservation laws of mass and energy into the microeconomic models of production, consumption, and general equilibrium. We show that abstract models and especially general equilibrium theory are consistent with these physical constraints, but most applied and environmental economic models are not. We analyze the consequences of physical conservation laws for substitution possibilities and show that these constraints limit the number of independent substitution processes but not the value of the substitution elasticities. Finally, we propose a method for integrating physical constraints into static microeconomic models with a minimum of changes.     

陕西省近10年自然灾害的损失规律

本文主要根据自然灾害损失资料,对陕西近10a自然灾害损失时空规律、各灾种特点、损失结构进行了较详尽讨论,并进行了损失强度分区。     

LEGAL AND POLICY ASPECTS OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT1

Deep within the earth there exist immense reservoirs of energy in the form of heat-commonly referred to as geothermal resources. Unfortunately, most of these resources are at such depths that it is unlikely they will be recoverable in the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, the lure of seemingly inexhaustible amounts of relatively clean energy continues to hold a fascination for man. In certain limited situations man has already been able to tap these reservoirs and harness the energy to his own uses. More of this activity can be expected in the future. While geothermal energy will chiefly be used to produce electric power, persons responsible for water resources management must concern themselves with geothermal resources for water, and water law concepts will continue to play an important role in the development of this resource.     

略论我国可持续发展与环境法律意识

可持续发展战略的主要内容就是保护环境，主要标志是资源的永续利用和良好的生态环境，然而不可持续发展的传统观念在一定程度上仍然存在，因此必须以法律为武器，增强全民的环境法律意识，创造一个有利的生态资源环境。     

试论对安全生产的法律保护

近期我国一些地区、单位和企业，重大、特大死亡事故连连发生，给国家财产和人民生命造成了巨大的损失，同时也带来了一些严重的社会问题。要有效遏制安全生产伤亡事故的发生，必须加强安全生产法制建设，用法律来保护安全生产的顺利进行。本文从当前安全生产法制建设中存在的问题出发，进行探讨并提出建议。     

Anthropogenic effects on the biodiversity of riparian wetlands of a northern temperate landscape

Land uses such as forestry and agriculture are presumed to degrade the biodiversity of riparian wetlands in the northern temperate regions of the United States. In order to improve land use decision making in this landscape, floral and faunal communities of 15 riparian wetlands associated with low-order streams were related to their surrounding land cover to establish which organismal groups are affected by anthropogenic disturbance and whether these impacts are scale-specific. Study sites were chosen to represent a gradient of disturbance. Vascular plants of wet meadow and shrub carr communities, aquatic macro-invertebrates, amphibians, fish and birds were surveyed, and total abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity were calculated. For each site, anthropogenic disturbances were evaluated at local and landscape scales (500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 m from the site and the site catchment) from field surveys and a geographic information system (GIS). Land use data were grouped into six general land use types: urban, cultivated, rangeland, forest, wetland and water. Shrub carr vegetation, bird and fish diversity and richness generally decrease with increasing cultivation in the landscape. Amphibian abundance decreases and fish abundance increases as the proportions of open water and rangeland increases; bird diversity and richness increase with forest and wetland extent in the landscape. Wet meadow vegetation, aquatic macro-invertebrates, amphibians and fish respond to local disturbances or environmental conditions. Shrub carr vegetation, amphibians and birds are influenced by land use at relatively small landscape scales (500 and 1000 m), and fish respond to land use at larger landscape scales (2500, 5000 m and the catchment). Effective conservation planning for these riparian wetlands requires assessment of multiple organismal groups, different types of disturbance and several spatial scales.1998 Academic Press     

中国环境保护法与俄罗斯联邦环境保护法的对比

环境保护法律是国家经济健康发展及人与自然和谐相处的基本社会制度.中国经济的发展和人口的增加在许多地区已超出了环境容量.在环境状况日益恶化的情况下,不断完善和健全环境保护法律显得尤为重要.中国的环境保护法与俄罗斯的环境保护法在环境的定义、环境保护的内容与措施、科研教育与宣传、执行与监督机构以及法律框架等方面进行了对比、分析,作为借鉴,提出了增加人与环境和谐相处内容、改革环境保护管理体制、加强执法力度等进-步完善中国环境保护法律的建议.