海口市南渡江河岸带生态修复策略与技术路径研究

河流作为自然界的一部分,是人类文明的摇篮,也是人类活动的重要区域.河岸带是河流生态系统的重要组成部分,在维系生态平衡中发挥着巨大作用.本文以南渡江河岸带生态修复为例,提出了河岸带的3种生态修复策略和5种生态修复模式,并对未来河流生态修复重点提出了相关建议,以期为国内河流生态修复与综合管理提供参考与借鉴.     

Green Lawfare: Environmental Public Interest Litigation and Mediatized Environmental Conflict

Communication strategies involving news media and environmental groups are well documented and research into protest politics and other forms of environmental communication has made considerable progress in the analysis of the strategies that various actors use to influence environmental policy. There is less scholarship, however, on the journalistic representation of the legal strategies employed by environmental non-government organizations, such as the mediatized debates about the use of law by these groups and the laws themselves. Further, while legal scholarship observes the role of public interest litigation in environmental matters, the role of news media as an influential force in public opinion formation and mobilization in the context of environmental litigation as an activist strategy remains less understood. Using the 2015 “green lawfare” debate in Australia that followed a successful Australian Federal Court challenge to a coalmine, this paper argues that the “mediatized visibility” inherent in public interest litigation is an important, but mostly overlooked, element of mediatized environmental conflict.     

浅析振动环境中典型电子产品的损伤规律

在分析电子装备结构特点及冲击振动环境影响因素基础上,阐述了电子产品在振动环境中的损伤机理与模式,以某型雷达装备为试验对象,选取该装备某型组合体与电路板进行冲击振动与扫频振动试验,分析了电子产品在振动环境中损伤的一般规律。试验表明:电子产品在振动环境中的损伤不仅与振动类型及幅值有关,也与其自身结构有着密切的关系。     

环境行政执法存在的问题及应对措施

环境保护执法不到位、行政不作为、执法难、执法软等现象,不仅损害了环境法律的严肃性和环保部门的形象,在一定程度上纵容了环境违法行为,地方保护主义等因素的存在,又使环境执法难成为各地的普遍存在的问题。因此环保部门应尽快制定措施,完善法规、健全机制、强化执法力量、加大宣传力度。     

核技术利用辐射安全监管法律法规解读

随着核技术日益广泛的利用,我国放射性同位素和射线装置技术的应用发展迅速,它在给人类带来巨大利益的同时也带来了辐射危害,安全隐患突出,安全监管任务重。本文就与核技术利用辐射安全监管有关的问题进行法律法规解读,以提高辐射安全监管依法行政能力。     

我国生物质能源立法的可行性分析

生物质能源作为可再生能源的一种,具有许多优点。我国对于生物质能源的研究,也只有20多年的时间,而且我国的学者和科学家大多集中在对生物质能源利用技术的研究,对于生物质能源立法方面的研究则屈指可数。本文在前人研究成果的基础上,对我国生物质能源立法的可行性进行探讨,提出自己的一些浅薄见解,以填补我国学术界在这方面的空缺。     

Flood Effects on an Alaskan Stream Restoration Project: The Value of Long‐Term Monitoring1

Densmore, Roseann V. and Kenneth F. Karle, 2009. Flood Effects on an Alaskan Stream Restoration Project: The Value of Long‐Term Monitoring. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1424‐1433. Abstract: On a nationwide basis, few stream restoration projects have long‐term programs in place to monitor the effects of floods on channel and floodplain configuration and floodplain vegetation, but long‐term and event‐based monitoring is required to measure the effects of these stochastic events and to use the knowledge for adaptive management and the design of future projects. This paper describes a long‐term monitoring effort (15 years) on a stream restoration project in Glen Creek in Denali National Park and Preserve in Alaska. The stream channel and floodplain of Glen Creek had been severely degraded over a period of 80 years by placer mining for gold, which left many reaches with unstable and incised streambeds without functioning vegetated floodplains. The objectives of the original project, initiated in 1991, were to develop and test methods for the hydraulic design of channel and floodplain morphology and for floodplain stabilization and riparian habitat recovery, and to conduct research and monitoring to provide information for future projects in similar degraded watersheds. Monitoring methods included surveyed stream cross‐sections, vegetation plots, and aerial, ground, and satellite photos. In this paper we address the immediate and outlying effects of a 25‐year flood on the stream and floodplain geometry and riparian vegetation. The long‐term monitoring revealed that significant channel widening occurred following the flood, likely caused by excessive upstream sediment loading and the fairly slow development of floodplain vegetation in this climate. Our results illustrated design flaws, particularly in regard to identification and analysis of sediment sources and the dominant processes of channel adjustment.     

Roles of environmental movement organisations in land-use planning: case studies of the Niagara Escarpment and Oak Ridges Moraine,Ontario, Canada

The paper explores the roles of environmental movement organisations (EMOs) in land-use planning, including domain creation (establishment of new or modified landscape planning boundaries) and regime change (adoption of new or modified legal and planning rules). The research involved two case studies of land-use planning processes: the Niagara Escarpment and Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario, Canada. The two cases together reveal an evolution of land-use planning towards collaborative processes on mainly private lands in Southern Ontario during the period from 1960 to 2002. The results suggest that EMOs can create new planning domains through agenda setting activities, build landscape value and vision, educate governments and the public, and work to maintain and alter regimes. Collaborative planning has emerged as an important process in which some EMOs are now participating.     

中国环境法治建设的成就及建议

回顾了中国改革开放三十年来环境法治建设取得的主要成就,并对我国环境立法、环境执法、环境司法和理论研究方面提出了建议。     

上海城市河岸带土壤反硝化作用研究

2011年4月至2012年2月,以2个月为周期,在上海市不同地点浦东(PD)、金山(JS)、嘉定(JD)、青浦(QP)、崇明(CM)、闵行(MH)采集不同类型城市河岸带土壤,采用乙炔抑制法测定土壤反硝化速率.结果表明,上海河岸带土壤反硝化速率介于1.00 ～ 82.92μmol·m-2·h-1之间,时空差异明显.不同区域,农田背景下的河岸带土壤反硝化速率(浦东:29.51 μmol·m-2h-1,嘉定:36.99μmol·m-2·h-1)要高于以草地(青浦:4.95 μmol·m-2·h-1,闵行:7.84 μmol·m-2·h-1)、矮灌丛(金山:27.83 μmol·m-2·h-1,崇明:23.26 μmol·m-2·h-1)背景为主的河岸带土壤;垂直变化上,2～5 cm深度处的河岸带土壤反硝化速率最大,随深度增加反硝化速率呈逐步降低趋势;季节变化上,河岸带土壤反硝化速率呈现夏秋高冬春低的特点,夏季是反硝化作用最为强烈的季节.温度、pH值、土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)、土壤总氮(Soil Total Nitrogen,STN)等是影响反硝化速率的重要因子,其中,反硝化速率与温度、SOC、STN含量呈正相关关系,与pH值呈负相关关系.