以人为本以法治台--谈地震台站管理

本文以现代管理学理论为基础,主要阐述了现代台站管理思想 --一方面强调"以人为本",另一方面又肯定以"法"治台;提出了二者的有机结合是现代台站管理思想这一主题;初步探讨了当代地震台站提高监测质量的途径.     

环境资源刑事法律特征及存在问题

对我国环境资源刑事法律特征、存在问题进行了研究和分析，提出了一些探索性的对策，如完善环境资源刑事法律规范、具体有关单位犯罪的规定、加大土地保护刑事法律制度等。     

论修订后《大气污染防治法》对环境监测的要求

2000年4月再次修订后的《大气污染防治法》对原有法律条款的内容作了重大修改。其重点是抓重点城市的大气污染防治、确定了大气污染物排放总量控制和许可证制度、加强机动车污染防治和城市扬尘的控制力度、强化法律责任等方面。作为环境管理组成部分的环境监测工作，要认真覆行新《大气法》赋予的法律职责，为环境执法提供技术支持。     

Hazard evaluation of hydrogen–air deflagration with flame propagation velocity measurement by image velocimetry using brightness subtraction

Deflagration phenomena in hydrogen–air mixtures initially filled in 1.4 m³ spherical latex balloons were measured using a high-speed digital video camera and pressure transducers. The image velocimetry using brightness subtraction was introduced to eliminate the background effects for obtaining accurate time evolution records of flame propagation velocity. The maximum flame propagation velocity of about 100 m/s was observed with maximum overpressure 15 kPa at 1 m from ignition point. According to the detailed flame propagation velocity records, there were long deceleration durations. The observed maximum overpressure was smaller than the overpressure estimated by the basis of the observed maximum flame propagation velocity and the pressure wave theories of spherical flames. A new blast curve plot of scaled overpressure vs. distance was tentatively proposed.     

环境管理体系标准中"合规性评价"要素的理解

介绍了ISO14001:2004标准中4.5.2合规性评价要素中组织所获取与环境因素相关的法律法规标准和其他要求评价方式和方法.包括评价人员的确定、评价频次、评价范围、评价证据索取、法律法规和其他要求的界定,以及合规性评价的一般过程.     

The Role of Ground Water in Generating Streamflow in Headwater Areas and in Maintaining Base Flow1

Abstract: The volume and sustainability of streamflow from headwaters to downstream reaches commonly depend on contributions from ground water. Streams that begin in extensive aquifers generally have a stable point of origin and substantial discharge in their headwaters. In contrast, streams that begin as discharge from rocks or sediments having low permeability have a point of origin that moves up and down the channel seasonally, have small incipient discharge, and commonly go dry. Nearly all streams need to have some contribution from ground water in order to provide reliable habitat for aquatic organisms. Natural processes and human activities can have a substantial effect on the flow of streams between their headwaters and downstream reaches. Streams lose water to ground water when and where their head is higher than the contiguous water table. Although very common in arid regions, loss of stream water to ground water also is relatively common in humid regions. Evaporation, as well as transpiration from riparian vegetation, causing ground‐water levels to decline also can cause loss of stream water. Human withdrawal of ground water commonly causes streamflow to decline, and in some regions has caused streams to cease flowing.     

Effects of Impervious Cover at Multiple Spatial Scales on Coastal Watershed Streams1

Abstract: The spatial scale and location of land whose development has the strongest influence on aquatic ecosystems must be known to support land use decisions that protect water resources in urbanizing watersheds. We explored impacts of urbanization on streams in the West River watershed, New Haven, Connecticut, to identify the spatial scale of watershed imperviousness that was most strongly related to water chemistry, macroinvertebrates, and physical habitat. A multiparameter water quality index was used to characterize regional urban nonpoint source pollution levels. We identified a critical level of 5% impervious cover, above which stream health declined. Conditions declined with increasing imperviousness and leveled off in a constant state of impairment at 10%. Instream variables were most correlated (0.77 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.92, p < 0.0125) to total impervious area (TIA) in the 100‐m buffer of local contributing areas (～5‐km² drainage area immediately upstream of each study site). Water and habitat quality had a relatively consistent strong relationship with TIA across each of the spatial scales of investigation, whereas macroinvertebrate metrics produced noticeably weaker relationships at the larger scales. Our findings illustrate the need for multiscale watershed management of aquatic ecosystems in small streams flowing through the spatial hierarchies that comprise watersheds with forest‐urban land use gradients.     

岩溶地区隧道施工对水环境影响评价指标体系的建立

随着人们环保意识的不断提高,交通隧道施工期对周边水环境的影响也日益受到关注。针对岩溶地区隧道的施工特点建立了隧道施工期对水环境影响的评价指标体系。该体系研究了施工中含污废水排放对地表水体污染以及地下水疏排给隧道周边水资源流失两方面进行评价;指标体系各层指标数量随施工进展与现场情况变化进行增减,以满足施工期不断变化情况对水环境影响大小的准确评估;该指标体系充分考虑到"木桶理论"的原理,明确施工过程中对水环境影响最严重环节,有助于及时采取保护措施。     

基层环保执法面临的困境与对策措施研究

新环保法的实施为基层环保部门赋予了更多执法手段.但由于外部不利因素与自身能力的不足等原因,使得当前基层环保执法面临诸多困境,不仅阻碍了新环保法的有效落实,而且远远不能满足国家对遏止当前环境恶化趋势的执法需求.在分析基层环保执法面临的各种困境基础上,提出切实提高环保执法水平的对策措施,适应新时代执法要求,稳步推动环保工作的发展.     

浑河流域贮存污泥成分特征及演变规律分析

随着城镇化的加速,浑河流域贮存污泥堆积量逐年增加,对环境产生潜在而长期的威胁.为了实现贮存污泥的资源化、无害化处理,开展了贮存污泥成分特征及其随时间变化规律分析.本研究分析了基本理化性质[含水率、pH、挥发性有机物(VS)、总碱度]、营养元素指标(TC、TN、C/N、TK、TP)、微生物组成、重金属含量及形态等指标.结果表明VS及各种营养元素含量均呈现下降的趋势;含水率规律性不明显;pH稳定在7左右;细菌在微生物中占绝对优势,约占90%,厌氧微生物含量增加;Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、As、Hg等重金属含量及形态并未呈现明显的规律性变化,重金属形态主要以残渣态等稳定态存在;Cu的含量超过GB 4284-1984中Cu的最高限值,因此贮存污泥农用风险较大.