企业在发展循环经济中的地位和作用

发展循环经济，建设节约型社会是当前的热点、难点问题。企业是发展循环经济的主体，它对于整个经济的可持续发展具有非常重要的作用，制定企业循环经济发展战略应该是整个经济增长中的重要环节。探讨了企业在发展循环经济中的主体地位，发展循环经济对企业的作用，分析了制约企业在循环经济中发挥作用的因素，最后提出了提高企业自身发展循环经济能力的措施。     

近20年来关于森林作用研究的进展

1981年和1982年著名地理学家黄秉维先生先后发表了两篇论文，题目是“确切地估计森林的作用”和“再谈森林的作用”。这两篇论文的发表，促进了关于森林作用的讨论，也促进了有关的实验和理论研究。直到今天，它对于我国的生态、环境建设，特别是在西部大开发中，仍有重要的现实意义。20年来，这个问题的一些方面在中国和世界范围内有了新的进展，而另外一些则仍有待进一步深入研究。其主要进展在实验科学和理论研究上都有体现。新的实验获得了更具有代表性和说服力的数据，而理论研究则把过去的工作作了进一步的梳理，经过细致的深入研究，一些问题也就迎刃而解了。但由于问题本身的复杂性和进行实验的难度，有不少问题的解决仍有待于进一步的研究。     

再生资源产业发展中市场机制的缺陷和对策

再生资源市场发展是再生资源产业发展的关键,但再生资源市场机制存在着一些缺陷,这些缺陷制约着再生资源市场的发展。政府应当针对再生资源市场的缺陷采取一定的对策,发挥杠杆作用,提高市场效率,但不应当支配市场主体的行为。政策的影响往往不会与政策设计的预期完全一致,在干预市场时依据一定的原则可以最大程度地减少不利影响,提高政策的积极作用。     

循环经济与我国水泥工业

对我国水泥工业在“四零一负”战略方面多年来取得的实践成效、在促进循环经济发展中的地位和作用以及在循环经济领域中的典型企业进行详细介绍,说明我国水泥工业独特的利废优势和健康有序的发展,必将为我国循环经济体系的发展做出更大贡献。     

Differentiating HR systems' impact: moderating effects of age on the HR system–work outcome association

Combining the macro perspective of strategic human resource (HR) management with applied psychology's micro approaches, this paper helps to differentiate the effects of HR practices on individual‐level outcomes by introducing two distinct HR practice bundles. We draw on social exchange theory to hypothesize (i) main effects of both growth‐enhancing and maintenance‐enhancing bundles on affective organizational commitment and in‐role behavior and (ii) moderating effects of age and maintenance‐enhancing practices on work outcomes, such that increasing employee age attenuates the positive impact of HR practices. The results of a multilevel study comprising 600 employees and their direct supervisors in 64 business units provide support for the hypothesized main effects on affective commitment and the interaction between age and maintenance‐enhancing practices on work outcomes. We discuss the results, theoretical contributions, and practical implications of the study, as well as future research directions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

废水生物脱氮中N2O和NOx的产生和作用

废水生物脱氮中N2O和NOx来源于硝化、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和化学反硝化等过程．电子受体和供体浓度、pH、缓冲剂类型、有机负荷、微生物种类及其相互作用等都会影响这些气态中间产物的产生．NO2能够氧化氨和强化好氧和厌氧氨氧化，NO能够阻止C2H2对好氧氨氧化活性的抑制，两者对好氧氨氧化活性的恢复至关重要．所有这些表明，废水生物脱氮的气态中问产物N2O和NOx在氮的生物转化中具有重要的正面作用，甚至必不可少．基于NO2曝气技术和Brocadia anammoxidans与Nitrosomonas协同作用的废水生物脱氮新技术开发是今后一段时间的重要研究方向．图4参35     

废水生物脱氮中N_2O和NO_x的产生和作用

废水生物脱氮中N2O和NOx来源于硝化、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化和化学反硝化等过程.电子受体和供体浓度、pH、缓冲剂类型、有机负荷、微生物种类及其相互作用等都会影响这些气态中间产物的产生.NO2能够氧化氨和强化好氧和厌氧氨氧化,NO能够阻止C2H2对好氧氨氧化活性的抑制,两者对好氧氨氧化活性的恢复至关重要.所有这些表明,废水生物脱氮的气态中间产物N2O和NOx在氮的生物转化中具有重要的正面作用,甚至必不可少.基于NO2曝气技术和Brocadiaanammoxidans与Nitrosomonas协同作用的废水生物脱氮新技术开发是今后一段时间的重要研究方向.图4参35     

三价铁促进生物氧化锰稳定土壤砷的效果和机制

通过室内模拟实验,研究了三价铁对生物氧化锰（BMO）稳定化砷污染土壤的促进效果与作用机制.实验结果表明：三价铁的添加提高了BMO对土壤中砷的稳定化效率,当三价铁以质量分数百分比（以Fe计）为0.5%、1%、2%和4%添加时,砷的稳定化效率由单独BMO处理的63.02%增加至86.04%、93.86%、96.56%和97.98%;由连续提取实验结果可知,添加三价铁能够促进土壤中砷的结合形态由可交换态、专属吸附态向无定型铁锰结合态和结晶型铁锰结合态转变,增强土壤中砷的稳定化作用;风险分析进一步表明添加三价铁后砷的环境风险由中风险转变为低风险;矿物晶体结构分析表明,添加三价铁后土壤中出现水铁矿、纤铁矿等次生铁氧化物,这些铁氧化物对土壤中砷有良好的吸附固定能力.总体而言,三价铁的存在能够提高BMO对砷污染土壤的稳定化效率,但三价铁的添加量不宜过高,否则会引起土壤酸化问题.     

Are followers satisfied with conscientious leaders? The moderating influence of leader role authenticity

Leadership scholars have yet to identify a clear and consistent relationship between leader conscientiousness and followers' satisfaction with a leader. Drawing from socioanalytic theory and related personality research, we argue that the underlying motives of leader conscientiousness can manifest in systematically different behaviors aimed at team task accomplishment, ranging from rigid and order‐driven to relatively more adaptable approaches. Importantly, we posit that the relationship between a leader's conscientiousness and adaptability is conditioned by role authenticity (i.e., the extent to which a leader believes a role permits expressions of her or his “true self”). Hence, we articulate a conditional indirect effects model whereby leader conscientiousness and leader role authenticity jointly predict leader adaptability and, in turn, increasing levels of leader adaptability are positively associated with followers' shared satisfaction with their leader. Data from a sample of fire and rescue crews provide partial support for the model. Post hoc analyses suggest that the conditioning influence of leader role authenticity on leader conscientiousness is more informative when subfacets of conscientiousness are considered.     

Synergy or substitution? The interactive effects of insiders' fairness and support and organizational socialization tactics on newcomer role clarity and social integration

Drawing on fairness heuristics theory (Lind, 2001) and cue consistency theory (Maheswaran & Chaiken, 1991; Slovic, 1966), we test a moderated mediation model that examines whether the institutionalization of organizational socialization tactics enhances or constrains the beneficial effects of supervisory and coworker‐referenced justice and support on newcomer role clarity and social integration. The findings of a three‐wave study of 219 French newcomers show that although institutionalized tactics strengthen the positive indirect effects of supervisory interpersonal and informational justice on role clarity, via perceived supervisor support, it also acts as a substitute that weakens the positive indirect effect of coworker‐referenced interpersonal justice on social integration, via perceived coworker support. Implications of the findings for socialization research and practice are discussed.