Supervisor role overload and frustration as antecedents of abusive supervision: The moderating role of supervisor personality

The current research explores supervisor‐level antecedents of abusive supervision in the workplace. Specifically, this study introduces affective events theory to the abusive supervision literature to suggest that supervisor role overload, a work‐related event, leads to supervisor frustration. As an intense negative emotional reaction, frustration, in turn, triggers supervisors to exhibit abusive behaviors in the workplace. Supervisor personality traits—namely, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness—are also posited to moderate these hypothesized relationships. Specifically, neuroticism is expected to moderate the relationship between role overload and frustration while conscientiousness and agreeableness are expected to moderate the relationship between frustration and abusive supervision. Ultimately, we propose and examine a moderated‐mediation model. Multisource field data demonstrate general support for the hypothesized relationships. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications as well as future research avenues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Boundary control and controlled boundaries: Organizational expectations for technology use at the work–family interface

Some studies have argued that information and communication technologies such as smartphones can pressure employees to work more from home, while others argue that they help employees manage transitions between work and family role domains. Leveraging boundary theory and the job demands–resources model, the present study examines the conditions under which work–family technology use is associated with greater boundary control. Findings show that technology use is associated with higher boundary control for those who prefer role integration and lower boundary control for those who prefer role segmentation. Findings also show that boundary control is linked to emotional exhaustion and that organizational after‐hours electronic communication expectations can compel work–family technology use despite individual preferences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Source attribution matters: Mediation and moderation effects in the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction

On the basis of the source attribution perspective of work–family conflict, this study aims to first test whether threat to the family role mediates the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. We then examine boundary conditions of the source attribution perspective by drawing on boundary management and gender role orientation theories to examine whether role segmentation enactment and gender role orientation moderate the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. Using a scenario‐based experiment in Study 1, we find that threat to the family role mediates the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction. This finding provides evidence supporting the appraisal process proposed by the perspective of source attribution. Using survey data collected from 216 Chinese managers and their spouses in Study 2, we find that work‐to‐family conflict has a negative relationship with job satisfaction only among people with high levels of role segmentation between work and home. In addition, for male managers, the negative moderating effect of role segmentation enactment on the relationship between work‐to‐family conflict and job satisfaction is stronger for those with a nontraditional gender role orientation, compared with those with a traditional gender role orientation. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Environmental representatives: whom,what, and how are they representing?

Literature on environment and representation in politics, management, and deliberation has paid little attention on the people involved: environmental representatives. The aim of this paper is to illuminate how environmental representatives in various organizational and professional contexts understand their role as representatives, and how they are shaped by their contexts. The paper argues that it is crucial to learn about the everyday reality of individual representatives to better understand the limitations and possibilities they face. The study is based on 19 interviews with environmental representatives from five organizational and professional contexts: the state, civil society, business, science, and media in Sweden. The paper concludes that some differences in experiences, for example, in freedom and constraint, can be understood in relation to the representatives’ organizational and professional affiliation. Other experiences are common: (i) all categories stated the importance of being impartial and well read; (ii) complex layers of affiliation imply that representation requires sensitivity and adjustment between different situations; and (iii) the performative aspects of representation include the representatives’ claims-making, others’ attributions, and long-term learning of their role. The article contributes an understanding of organizational conditions and the often paradoxical, layered, multifaceted, and cautious representation these individual actors perform.     

基于VR的地铁基坑施工安全教育系统设计与应用*

为解决地铁基坑施工事故应急演练存在的实际操作困难、场景复杂、成本高等问题,采用多人虚拟现实（VR）技术开发的地铁基坑施工安全教育系统,使受训人员可以身临其境地体验地铁基坑施工过程中常出现的典型安全事故（触电、物体打击、高空坠落、基坑坍塌）,以满足演练需求。每个系统场景由多个环节组成,解决地铁基坑跨度大造成的场景数据庞大问题,并采用UE4级联粒子系统来实现复杂粒子动态变化,运用物理引擎PhysX来简化碰撞模型。同时,系统采用分角色互动演练,以培养施工员之间的协同性。结果表明:系统模拟符合实际地铁基坑施工事故应急演练要求,具有较高体验感和互动性,可快速提升施工员的安全意识和应急能力。     

树立全局观念充分发挥环境监测中心的中心作用

本文结合天津环境监测工作实际，在改革开放强化管理的新形势下，环境监测工作面临着新的机遇和挑战。本文从转变思想，树立全局观念出发，着重论述了制定规章，明确职责，提高监测水平，加强自身建设等方面的问题，充分发挥监测中心的中心作用。     

多目标、多水源和多用户水资源系统管理的专家系统决策模型

几乎所有的水资源系统都是以多目标、多水源和多用户等为特征，因此其开发与管理过程中的各种决策也都必须坚持这些原则。本文利用现代专家系统技术建立了一种水资源系统管理的专家系统决策模型。该水资源系统包含一个地面水库供水系统、两个城镇市政供水系统、３个农区灌溉系统以及一个沼泽生态系统。它最早源于英国７０年代初所提出的灌溉系统对策仿真的设想，后经国外其他学者的不断完善，最后形成一种接近于现实的简单而综合的水资源系统管理原型，并以对策仿真的形式建立了其ＬＯＴＵＳ模拟模型。该对策仿真模拟模型中的对策者是地面水源管理者（ＷＡＭ）、市政供水管理者（ＰＷＳＭ）以及三组不同农户（ＦＡＲＭＥＲＳ）。为了使该系统更趋完善且更符合我国国情，本文又另外引入了一个称之为系统总管的对策者（ＭＡＮＡＧＥＲ）。他主要负责该系统的全面运行，解决系统中各对策者之间的矛盾冲突，监控全系统的环境质量，尽可能使整个系统获得最佳的社会、经济与环境效益。这种对策仿真模拟模型的主要目的是培养参加对策仿真的各位对策者，或者说水资源系统中的有关各方，即不同角色，更加熟悉一般水资源系统运行与管理过程中的各个方面。本文利用应用于微机的ＶＰ－专家系统外壳建立了这种对策仿     

高校艺术教育在素质教育中的积极作用

各国的教学实践已充分证明了艺术教育在提高学生人文素质，促进社会全面发展等方面发挥着积极而重要的作用。本文从高校艺术教育中遭遇尴尬现象的原因入手，浅略地分析了艺术教育对提高学生素质的重要作用及其对素质教育正面促进功能，并认为在加强素质教育的过程中我国高校艺术教育的建设任重道远。     

Sonochemical degradation of organophosphorus pesticide in dilute aqueous solutions

Ultrasonic irradiation was found to accelerate the rate of hydrolysis of omethoate in aqueous solution over the pH range of 2—12. Process parameters studied include pH, steady-state temperature, concentration, and the type of gases, Greater than 96% hydrolysis was observed in 30 minutes through this process and the rate of destruction increased with the help of more soluble and low thermal inert gas. So with Krypton, omethoate was found to undergo rapid destruction as compared with Argon. In the presence of ultrasound, the observed first-order rate of hydrolysis of omethoate is found to be independent of pH. The formation of transient supercritical water(SCW) appears to be an important factor in the acceleration of chemical reactions in the presence of ultrasound. A detaiied chemical reaction mechanism for omethoatedestruction in water was formulated. Experimental results and theoretical kinetic mechanism demonstrated that the most of the omethoate undergo destruction inside the cavitating holes. A very less effect of temperature on the degradation of omethoate within a temperature range of 20——70℃ proves that a small quantity of omethoate undergoes secondary destruction in the bulk liquid.