土壤外源Cd和Pb复合污染对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)根系植物络合素和谷胱甘肽合成的影响

采用盆栽实验研究了土壤外源cd和Pb复合污染对小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)根系植物络合素(PCs)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)合成的影响.结果表明,土壤外源较高浓度cd处理(≥3 mg·kg-1)和高浓度Pb处理(630 mg·kg-1)均抑制了小麦的生长,Cd和Pb复合处理加重了Cd的毒性;Pb处理小麦根内未检出PCs,仅检出GSH,但GSH并没有随Pb处理浓度的增加而增加.随cd处理浓度(≥1 mg·kg-1)的增加,小麦根内PCs和GSH含量显著增加;cd和Pb复合处理增加了小麦根内PCs的合成水平,而降低了GSH的合成水平.回归分析显示,cd及cd和Pb复合污染小麦根内PCs的含量与小麦地上部生物量的抑制率保持相当好的线性关系.结果显示,PCs可用于评价土壤环境中Cd及Cd和Pb复合污染的毒性.     

Distribution of Fine Roots of Coniferous Trees over the Soil Profile under Conditions of Pollution by Emissions from a Copper-Smelting Plant

The distribution of fine conducting roots of Siberian spruce, Siberian fir, and Scotch pine over the soil profile was studied in the taiga ecosystems polluted with heavy metals and SO₂. Under conditions of heavy pollution, tree roots were not found in the forest litter. Regardless of the level of technogenic load, the largest amount of conducting roots concentrated in the upper layer of mineral soil.     

Morphological-anatomical features of underground organs in some higher plant species in relation to their adaptation to ecological conditions

In seven higher plant species of different taxa, structural features of underground organs have been considered, and the levels of intraspecific variation in some characters of these organs have been determined. Different pathways of the structural adaptation of these species to the environment are demonstrated on the morphological and anatomical levels.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 2, 2005, pp. 97–105.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Tarshis.     

水稻根系中多环芳烃的动态变化

水稻根系的多环芳烃浓度随着水稻的生长不断变化,呈现出初期逐渐升高,到成熟期趋于稳定的一般趋势.幼穗期、乳熟期、蜡熟期、完熟期和枯熟期水稻根系的多环芳烃总含量(PAH15)平均分别为464、969、592、1075 ng·g-1和1059ng·g-1,并主要由3环化合物组成.根系的脂含量、比表面和生物量等指标对根系多环芳烃的变化起到了一定影响.其中,脂含量和比表面的影响比生物量的影响更为显著.随着水稻的成熟,水稻土多环芳烃含量逐渐降低,而5、6环化合物的比例逐渐增加.水稻根系和水稻土中的多环芳烃含量之间存在明显的负相关关系.