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481.
The road towards sustainable rural development: issues of theory,policy and research practice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2012,14(2):75-83
Developing a more widespread diffusion of sustainable agricultural practices as part of progressing rural sustainable development is being hampered by different modes of environmental social thought. This introduction to this special issue on ‘Reconstituting of nature through rural development practices’ argues for a realignment of social theory and empirical practice in considering the real potentiality of alternative and emergent rural development cases. The social science of agro-ecology is introduced as an initial framework within which to assess such alternatives and emerging tendencies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
482.
Alan R. Collins Scott Steinback 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1993,29(2):199-209
ABSTRACT: About one-third of all West Virginians obtain domestic water from private water wells. In this research, mail and telephone surveys were used to investigate household responses to bacteria, mineral, and organic chemical contamination of domestic water supplies. Of households who were informed of contamination and acknowledged the problem, over 85 percent took action to avoid exposure to water contamination problems. The most common action was to clean and/or repair the water system (55.9 percent of valid surveys). Approximately 45 percent of households made investments of either a water treatment system, a new water source, or correction of contamination source. The average, annual economic cost of rural household actions was $320 for bacteria, $357 for minerals, and $1,090 for organic contamination. These economic costs represent a lower bound estimate for rural household willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a reduction in domestic water contamination from government action. On average, investment actions had lower annual economic costs than noninvestment actions of boiling and hauling water so that households who undertook investment actions in response to water contamination would have a lower WTP for government action to reduce water contamination. When effectiveness of water treatment systems was evaluated, treatment systems which require minimal household maintenance were found to reduce exposure to water contamination to safe levels as households intended when they installed the system. Treatment systems which were commonly ineffective included those which required continual maintenance (e.g., chiorinators) or were not designed to solve the contaminant problem for which they were purchased (e.g., filter systems for bacteria). 相似文献
483.
Animal husbandry and labour migration are important livelihood strategies for a large proportion of the rural population in developing countries. Up to now, the two strategies have usually been studied by looking at either one or the other; their interlinkages have rarely been examined. Based on a case study in rural Kyrgyzstan, the aim of this paper is to explore the links between animal husbandry and labour migration. Results show that for most rural households, livestock is crucial yet not sufficient to make a living. Therefore, many people diversify their income sources by migrating to work elsewhere. This generates cash for daily expenses and the acquisition of new livestock, but also leads to an absence of workforce in households. Yet since remittances usually exceed the expenses for hiring additional workforce, most people consider migration profitable. From a socio‐economic point of view, migration and animal husbandry can thus be considered important complementary livelihood strategies for the rural Kyrgyz population, at least for the time being. In the long term, however, the failure of young migrants to return to rural places and their settlement in urban areas might also cause remittance dependency and lead to an increasing lack of qualified labour. From an environmental point of view, the investment of remittances into animal husbandry poses challenges to sustainable pasture management. Increasing livestock numbers in rural areas raise pressure on pasture resources. Since most people consider animal husbandry their main future prospect while continuing to use pastures in a fairly unsustainable way, this may further exacerbate the over‐utilization of pastures in future. 相似文献
484.
张君臣 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2016,(4):23-25,33
近几年,国家加大了对农村的扶持力度,一大批农村污水处理设施相继投入建设运营,一定程度改善了农村的生态环境,促进了农村环保工作。但农村污水治理不同于城市,受到运营经费、管理模式、部分农民环保意识不高等影响,农村污水处理设施的运行管理情况并不容乐观,需探索一种适合农村的污水处理方式、运营管理模式和检查监测形式,形成长效管理的有效机制。 相似文献
485.
孙颖 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2013,(5):46-48
秦皇岛市农村饮水安全状况调查结果显示,90％受访户采用家庭分散式浅井取水、100％的用户取水后以漂白粉消毒,但消毒剂的投加不规范。当地政府从未组织对水质进行安全检测,农村缺少污水处理和垃圾处理设施,缺少健全的供水管理制度并且饮水安全意识薄弱。可以从加大水利资金投入推进集约化供水、引进权责明晰的多元化管理制度、建立水源地保护和水质监测的长效机制、推进农村污染综合整治等方面解决农村饮水安全问题。加强饮水安全后续管理,推进社会主义新农村建设。 相似文献
486.
487.
488.
Tim Chatterton Stephen Dorling Andrew Lovett Michael Stephenson 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):173-187
This study uses a combination of data from U.K. monitoringstations and from modelling undertaken with the U.K.Meteorological Office's NAME Model to investigate therelative influences of primary and secondary particulateson total PM10 levels at sites in the United Kingdom. Co-located PM10 and sulphate aerosol measurementsindicate that sulphate has a disproportionately largeinfluence on the variation of PM10 levels incomparison to its contribution to their total mass.Comparisons of measured PM10 at urban centre, roadsideand rural sites suggest that local primary sources havevery little influence on daily mean levels. NAME has beenused to model both primary particles and sulphate aerosolfrom sources across the whole of Europe. The discrepanciesbetween modelled and observed PM10 suggest that coarseparticles, such as windblown dust and resuspended roaddust,may comprise a very large, if not dominant, proportion ofobserved PM10 levels. The apparently minor role ofprimary particles (especially locally-sourced ones) raisesa number of issues regarding the suitability of current U.K.and European legislation to addressing the particle problem. 相似文献
489.
城乡一体化背景下经济发展与城乡统筹的互动关系分析——以大连市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于1992—2008年大连市经济发展和城乡统筹的统计数据,运用主成分分析法、H-P滤波法、协整分析法、Granger因果关系检验法和脉冲响应分析法分析了大连市经济发展与城乡统筹之间的互动关系。结果表明,大连市经济发展与城乡统筹之间存在一种双向、互为因果的互动关系。经济发展不会自动促进城乡差距缩小,相反在中长期内还会加大城乡差距。根据所得结论,给出了相关建议。 相似文献
490.
农村环境污染分析及开展清洁生产建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着我国农村建设的步伐加快,农村的面貌改变很大,不过我们也应该意识到大型的养殖场的出现,动物粪便随意堆放现象严重,农作物生产过程中化肥、农药的大规模使用,加上秸秆焚烧等等,对农村的环境污染影响很大,环顾目前的农村生产生活环境,清洁生产势在必行。 相似文献