农村环境监测的布点原则与指标优化研究

通过对农村环境污染特征分析,结合试点村庄的现场调研,确定了农村环境质量监测的点位布设原则,并以267个村庄环境质量监测结果为基础,结合城市现有监测指标,对农村环境质量的监测指标进行了优化,为构建农村环境质量监测技术体系奠定了良好基础。     

溅水充氧生物滤池处理农村污水的研究

开发了一种处理农村污水的低能耗地埋式一体化溅水充氧生物滤池装置,通过拔风和溅水复合充氧技术实现了大幅度节能条件下的好氧生物处理.考察了在不同水力负荷及COD、NH4 -N容积负荷条件下本装置的处理效果,结果表明,在水力负荷小于10 m3/(m2·d)、COD及NH4 -N容积负荷分别小于0.3 kg COD/(m3·d)和0.08 kg NH4 -N/(m3·d)的条件下,可以取得较高的去除效果和良好的出水水质,COD、NH4 -N和TN的平均出水浓度分别为58.94 mg/L、2.78 mg/L和8.23 mg/L,平均去除率分别为51.7%、86.4%和70.6%.     

Analysis of the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions-based on the mediating effect of nonagricultural transfer of labor in China

How to control the growth of agricultural carbon emissions while developing tourism has become the primary issue that needs addressing in the development of rural China. This paper explores the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions and further analyses the mediating effect of labor transfer in this relationship. The analysis is evaluated using provincial panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2019 with a sequential regression model. The results show that tourism development increases agricultural carbon emissions, which is more pronounced in areas with advanced economies or higher education levels. Second, labor transfer to nonfarming industries suppresses the increase in agricultural carbon emissions caused by tourism. Finally, (i) the impact of tourism on labor transfer in less developed and less educated regions is limited, and (ii) there is the expectation of large-scale use of agricultural machinery due to labor transfer in economically developed or highly educated areas. The heterogeneity test shows these two reasons lead to a mediating effect of labor transfer on agricultural carbon emissions in different regions.     

中国大都市区域的城乡协调发展研究 --以浙江省宁波市为例

工业化与城市化是伴生的,工业化对城市化有促进作用,工业化的发展阶段不同,城市的规模和结构也不一样,城乡关系也会因为工业化的演进而演变。随着城市的扩张,城乡之间的关系将从二元结构向城乡转型直至城乡融合阶段演变。在不同的阶段,要素流在城乡之间呈现不同的流向,对城乡的发展也起着不同的作用,同时还会影响到产业的地域分布。本文从处于工业化中期阶段的宁波市特殊的区位和区域环境出发,分析了宁波市的城乡发展格局,指出宁波市城乡之间存在着分工不明确、产业竞争严重等问题,尤其是平面化的城镇体系严重影响其中心城市功能的发挥。针对存在的问题,文中提出将宁波市建设成为长三角最大的后勤中心、提升中心城区的功能和产业结构、农村城镇之间实行网络化发展、以及用工业化理念来经营农业等对策和措施。     

西南地区农村生活污水治理规划体系研究——以自贡市沿滩区为例

为科学规划农村生活污水治理,进一步解决西南地区农村生活污水粗放、分散等问题.在充分调研沿滩区农村生活污水现状,收集国土、人口、DEM、水系、水源保护区等多项数据,建立了农村居民聚集区识别、环境敏感村划定方法,识别出沿滩区48个环境敏感区村庄、74个农村聚居区,构建出更为科学的农村生活污水治理规划体系,为农村生活污水整治...     

Policy support for rural economic development based on Holling’s ecological concept of panarchy

Globally, rural regions are searching for innovative growth opportunities to reinvigorate their economies. This paper examines the redevelopment of rural communities through an ecological lens – based on the notion of continuous cycles of adaptive change within complex systems as first identified within Holling’s concept of panarchy. Panarchy suggests that complex systems have more than a single equilibrium point and, instead, have some inherent resiliency based on the notion of multiple stable regimes. As such, panarchy provides a conceptual model that describes the ways in which complex social and ecological systems are organized and structured both spatially and temporally. By drawing parallels between the characteristics of ecological communities and rural economic systems, a novel framework is developed to assist policy-makers reflect on a rural community’s position along its own adaptive change cycle and, then, implement appropriate inventions to improve system resiliency – which in this case is linked with economic resiliency through development and/or growth. Supported by empirical data emerging from both key informant interviews and content analysis of current rural development policy, this work also identifies leverage points where policy intervention may be most advantageous by specifying the timing of policy instruments on the cycle. Specifically, this framework describes four leverage points, three major and one minor, to help push or pull rural regions into an area of higher resilience.     

农村城镇化进程中的环境问题及对策

在简单阐述农村城镇化的概念及意义的基础上,分析了城镇化进程中生活污染问题、土壤问题和工业污染问题,提出通过提高群众的环保意识等措施,解决农村城镇化进程中的环境问题。     

Exurban development

Exurbia, the rural area beyond the built-up urban and contiguous suburban area, is being developed rapidly with attendant losses in habitat and ecosystem services. This paper analyzes a spatial dynamic model with two production technologies for residential development—municipal sewer service for suburban development and septic systems for exurban development. In outlying agricultural areas, the additional sewer extension costs can significantly reduce the value of agricultural land in suburban use. Exurban development, while at lower density, can occur immediately and requires only the onsite conversion costs of septic systems. Hence, the willingness to pay for exurban use from households with higher preferences for lot size may exceed the agricultural landowner's reservation price on future suburban use for a range of distances from the city boundary. This results in a “feasible zone” for exurban leapfrog development and another fundamental reason for scattered development in the urban–rural fringe.     

EV生化、生态组合净化技术处理农村生活污水的应用

采用EV生化、生态组合净化技术处理农村生活污水,对工艺的运行效果、污染物的去除途径及温度对污染物去除率的影响进行了研究分析.一年的观测结果表明,该工艺结合了生物技术和生态工程的优点,能有效去除生活污水中的有机物、氮、磷和粪大肠菌群,且处理效果稳定.温度对有机物、总磷的去除效率影响较小,对总氮、氨氮去除效率影响较大,在冬...     

湖南省乡村旅游地空间分异及影响因素——以五星级乡村旅游区为例

以湖南省五星级乡村旅游区为研究样本,运用最邻近指数、地理联系率、核密度分析、空间热点聚类等空间统计方法,研究了湖南省五星级乡村旅游区空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：（1）湖南省五星级乡村旅游区总体上呈集聚分布态势。（2）在空间分布上呈现“东多西少”的特征,大体可分为湘中、湘北、湘西和湘南四个片区;16个一阶热点区主要沿“常德—长株潭—衡阳—郴州”分布,二阶热点区只集中在长株潭地区;五星级乡村旅游区大致形成了以长株潭为核心,沿交通干线向外辐射的三个产业发展轴带。（3）五星级乡村旅游区空间分布主要受到地形水文、经济社会、交通区位、客源市场、地方政策等多重因素方面的影响;依托自然地理优势、城市经济和政策供给,五星级乡村旅游区大体呈现出“环山、滨水、围城、沿线”的空间分异格局。依据分析结果,结合当前湖南省乡村旅游发展的现状,从政策环境、产业发展、乡村治理等方面提出相关政策建议。