基于平衡计分卡的农村水环境治理绩效的指标体系设计及评价研究

农村水环境治理已经成为中国水环境保护的重要组成部分,对农村社会经济的发展有着重要的现实意义.为改变传统的农村水环境治理手段,规范农村水环境治理模式,本文通过对农村水环境的现状、治理绩效评价的必要性、平衡计分卡的可行性等要素进行分析,并以乡镇环保机构为例,充分利用平衡计分卡这一绩效管理工具的理念框架,最终设计出一套适合本国农村水环境治理的绩效指标体系.以期通过对本指标体系的合理运用,为今后农村水环境治理绩效评价提供参考.     

Evaluating rural development in French Regional Nature Parks

Amenities and their management have become central to rural development. In France, Regional Nature Parks (RNPs) pursue sustainable development objectives by protecting and building on local resources. This paper presents an evaluation of the extent to which RNPs are associated with the development of their territories. To establish a control group, RNP municipalities located in two regions (Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes) are matched to other municipalities on the basis of amenity and spatial structure variables. Results do not show a negative impact of parks on the local economy. Moreover, the main positive effect of RNPs is on tourism accommodation and residential employment.     

Participatory research and sustainable development in the Sahelo-Sudanian region

SUMMARY

A participatory research programme was conducted in the groundnut basin of Senegal, where there was a need to intensify the local farming systems. The research yielded a set of technical references and profitable innovations, which were introduced through specific development actions. The technology transfer aims at the establishment of sustainable farming systems and takes into account the climatic risks and innovation costs. Identification of research themes and implementation of results was based on various analyses: climatic analysis at regional level (establishment of climatic zones) and identification of constraints at farm level. Farmers' interests and the research results were combined to define suitable interventions for each surveyed farm, with the aim of increasing farm income and restoring soil fertility. The research also yielded elements for formulating an appropriate and realistic agricultural policy for the region. Clearly, the development of livestock farming activities is essential in bringing new economic life into the region and increasing the sustainability of farming systems in erratic climatic conditions.     

Rural-urban Migration,Rural Household Income and Sustainable Development in Rural Areas of China

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationships among rural-urban migration, rural household income and sustainable development in rural areas of China. The typical case study is done and 288 questionnaires are collected from five villages in Hebei and Guangxi provinces, China. The migration and remittance status, household income and sustainable development of rural areas are analyzed on the basis of questionnaires. Rural-urban migration is becoming a part of routine life in rural areas. And remittance is an important component in rural household income. Rural-urban migration increases the arable land area per labor, which releases the tight human-land relationship in villages. In total, the migration increases the rural household income and accelerates the sustainable development of rural areas.     

农地整治何以促进农户收入增加——基于整治模式和地貌类型的异质分析

首先基于可持续生计框架构建农地整治对农户收入的影响机制,并进一步揭示其作用效果的整治模式与地貌类型差异;然后利用湖北省地处江汉平原的天门市和潜江市、武陵山区的宣恩县和咸丰市483户农户的两期面板数据,采用双重差分模型检验同一地貌是否实施农地整治、同一地貌不同农地整治模式和不同地貌同一农地整治模式对农户收入的影响。结果表明：（1）地方政府主导模式和新型农业经营主体主导模式均能显著增加农户收入。（2）新型农业经营主体模式的增收效应远远大于地方政府主导模式,但即使同一地貌类型,不同农地整治模式对农户分项收入的影响程度、大小和显著性存在较大差异。（3）平原农地整治的增收效应明显高出山区农地整治,但即使同一整治模式,不同地貌农地整治对农户分项收入的影响程度、大小和显著性存在明显差异。因此,农地整治的农户收入效应受到整治模式和地貌类型的共同制约。     

乡村振兴与新型城镇化耦合协调的动态演进及其驱动机制

重构乡村振兴与新型城镇化的指标体系,采用耦合协调度模型、空间马尔可夫链以及地理加权回归模型,分析了2005—2017年中国30个省（市、自治区）乡村振兴与新型城镇化的耦合协调水平、时空分异格局、空间动态演进以及驱动机制。研究发现：（1）乡村振兴与新型城镇化的耦合协调度呈现“东部高、西南低”的分布特征,中级协调区域逐步向中部扩散,高级协调区域数量不断增加;高级协调类型省（市、自治区）中“乡村振兴滞后型”占大多数,初级协调和濒临失调类型省（市、自治区）中“新型城镇化发展滞后型”居多。（2）耦合协调度的动态演进呈现维持原有状态稳定性的特征,较难实现跨越式转移,处于高级协调阶段的省（市、自治区）存在“俱乐部趋同”现象。向上转移的省（市、自治区）主要集中在中部,向下调整的以北方省（市、自治区）居多;耦合协调较高的省（市、自治区）对邻近省（市、自治区）具有正向溢出效应,而耦合协调度低的省（市、自治区）对周围产生负向效应,且这种影响是不对称的。（3）影响乡村振兴与新型城镇化耦合协调度变化的驱动力空间差异显著,表现出层级带状分布的发展态势。政府驱动、投资驱动、人口驱动呈现南北层级带状分布。消费驱动、收入驱动、产业驱动呈现东西层级带状分布。     

Expansion and Change of Rural Settlements in Traditional Agricultural Regions： Based on Village Investigation in Pingdu County

The rural settlements accounted for a great proportion of overall building land in China, but it still expanded in recent years along with urbanization and gradually decreasing rural population. To explore the reason for this phenomenon, an analysis has been made based on the investigation in a traditional agricultural region. This study found that socioeconomic factors, including the scale of families and its quantity, the improvement of rural public infrastructure, the change of population and the pressure of arable land, have effects on the expansion. The view on land tenure which has shaped in farmers minds in the long haul makes them dispose their houses cautiously, and this was the main cause of the fact that one household own more than one plot. In addition, the limitations of rural land institution are unconducive to inspiriting the transfer of farmers＇ building land and redevelopment of the idle housing land.     

社会人口特征与环境关心:基于农村的数据

环境问题是一个可以跨越群体界分从而被全社会普遍关注的问题,还是一个只被具有某些特征的群体关注的问题?背后的机制是什么?这是环境研究领域一个广泛研究的主题.我国学者己就城市居民环境关心及其社会基础开展了一些研究,但仍缺乏基于农村的调查研究.本文利用农村环境的调查数据,就农村居民的社会人口特征对其环境关心的影响进行了回归分析.研究表明,与城市研究发现一致,在中国农村,教育对环境关心也有着积极影响.但与城市发现不同的是,在农村年龄对环境关心起着消极影响,而且尽管男性在环境知识和感知上高于女性,两性在环境态度上并无显著差异.另外,研究还发现主观社会地位对环境关心有积极影响,外出打工经历有消极影响,而主观经济地位和党员身份对环境关心都无显著影响.最后也是本研究最令人兴奋的发现是,政治价值观对环境关心各个因子都有非常显著的影响.     

大连市农业循环经济发展主要措施及重大项目简介

"十二五"期间,大连市将投资近100亿元在全市农村全面开展环境综合整治、污染治理、废物资源化循环利用,改善农村生态环境质量,调整产业布局和结构,节能减排,开发新能源,建立有机食品基地,发展生态农业,创建农业生态产业园区,实施农业循环经济发展的重点工程,提高农民收入和生活水平,促进农村经济可持续发展。     

集对分析在山区农村公路路侧危险等级评价中的应用

为反映山区农村公路危险性的实际情况,筛选影响交通安全的相关因素,建立山区农村公路路侧危险等级评价体系。基于集对分析(SPA)方法,引入能够体现系统确定性与不确定性的同异反联系度(IDC)的计算公式,并建立山区农村公路路侧危险等级评价的集对分析模型(SPAM)。模型从3个层次阐明评价过程中SPA的具体意义,并将多指标表示成一个能从总体上衡量道路危险性的n元联系数。用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,从主观和客观两方面定量计算山区农村公路危险程度。承德某山区农村公路的模型应用实例表明:SPAM模型充分利用研究问题所包含的不确定性信息,将辩证认识与定量描述有机结合起来,是山区农村公路复杂系统综合评价的一种新方法。