农村外出务工人员承包地处置方式的区域差异与影响因素——基于社会融入视角

我国农村外出务工人员保有相当规模的承包地,如何高效集约利用是农业现代化的基础。利用流动人口卫生计生动态监测数据,在分析省域承包地处置方式差异的基础上,以其社会融入水平为切入点,分析其承包地处置决策的影响因素。研究发现：（1）粮食主产区承包地流转已具一定规模,但撂荒在全国也有相当比例,显性撂荒呈“西南高、东北低”的空间格局,农村外出务工人员承包地处置方式的集聚特征与其流动目的地社会融入水平存在一定程度的关联性;（2）社会融入水平的提升会显著降低农村外出务工人员的自耕意愿,易于形成亲朋耕种、流转等承包地处置决策,但是,撂荒的概率也会随之增加;（3）地方土地流转政策尚不足以将农村外出务工人员转移经营权的意愿完全转化为亲朋耕种、流转等行为,依然有较高概率显性或隐性撂荒。针对这些问题,流出地与流动目的地的政策应统筹考虑。一方面提升社会服务水平,降低农村外出务工人员生计风险;另一方面应积极引导其将承包地流转,避免撂荒造成耕地资源浪费。     

普适道路还是隐形门槛?不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的外源因素

在乡村振兴新时代,审慎选择适宜的乡村旅游发展道路成为重要的实践和学术问题。以全国乡村旅游重点村为例,基于“起点—动力”假说,利用地理分析方法探讨不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的外源因素。研究发现：（1）全国乡村旅游发展东南热、西北冷,形成京津和长三角两大热点区。景区依附型、文化遗产型、新型三农型空间分布差异显著。（2）高程、地貌、水系、生态地理分区、陆地生态系统类型、中心城市和交通干道是影响不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的自然基础与地理区位外源因素。（3）不同类型乡村旅游发展路径的社会经济外源因素不同：景区依附型为高级景区数量和公路客运量;文化遗产型为国家传统村落数量、A级景区数量和公路客运量;新型三农型为地区第三产业产值、人均可支配收入、旅游人次、公路客运量、城镇化率和政府政策。乡村旅游并不是普适道路,资源赋存决定不同的旅游发展路径,并需要不同的隐性外源因素支持方能持续发展。     

村镇简易隔震支座数值模拟及施工应用

为改变农村建筑隔震技术的落后性,对现有技术成熟的橡胶隔震支座的尺寸和形状进行改良,板材依旧使用钢板,使其在满足农村建筑隔震要求的同时也兼顾工程的经济性,相较于为农村开发的纤维增强塑料板支座,这种隔震支座的理论体系和工艺更成熟,更适合大范围生产。为论证改良后的支座是否符合隔震需求,使用ABAQUS对其进行模拟,并将结果同试验结果进行对比,最后以昆明市富民县赤鹫镇项目探讨支座的可行性。经过模拟及赤鹫镇项目得出,简易隔震支座的力学性能及经济性都能满足农村建筑隔震要求,可以在广大农村地区进行推广。     

“一带一路”沿线省区科技创新与旅游经济协调发展及影响因素研究

以我国“一带一路”沿线18个省区为考察区域,运用熵值法、耦合协调分析和面板数据模型,构建科技创新与旅游经济协调发展评价体系,对两大子系统发展、综合协调发展及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:①我国“一带一路”沿线省区科技创新与旅游经济子系统呈相对稳定或显著上升发展特征,长三角和珠三角等沿海地区发展等级较高,而西北内陆省区较低。②2006—2018年,多数省区科技创新与旅游经济综合评价水平呈稳定上升态势,且优势型省区均集中在东南沿海地区。③科技创新与旅游经济系统间联系不断增强并向良性协调方向发展,提升科技创新能力是多数省区实现两系统协调发展的重点。④旅游人力资本、创新支撑环境和科技创新产出是两大系统协调发展的重要影响因素。     

The territorial dimension of environmental sustainability in Italy along the urban–rural continuum

Single territories contribute in different ways to the transition towards a more environmentally sustainable development (SD), according to their structural features. This study returns a multi-dimensional picture of the territorial divides of environmental sustainability across Italy, analysing how it correlates with rurality, with a focus on the urban–rural continuum. Italy represents an interesting case study because of its peculiar territorial urban–rural structure. We first assess the environmental sustainability targets across Italian NUTS 3 regions and their capital cities using two composite sustainability indexes, by referring to both standard values (i.e. conforming to legislation) and optimum values (i.e. desired values). Then, we investigate the relationship between environmental sustainability and rurality. Results suggest that a positive link between the two exists, being stronger at city level. Among major policy implications, the environmental dimensions of territorial cohesion should be integrated more strongly in key European policies to reach a more balanced SD.     

Transformation of rural communities: lessons from a local self-initiative for building resilience in the Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands is vulnerable to negative impacts from climate change, where people’s livelihoods and their well-being are threatened, especially the viability of isolated communities. Realising the increasing risks from climate change on communities, government, in partnership with aid-donor partners, has invested millions of dollars in climate change projects, through mitigation and adaptation strategies. As a form of adaptation, the government invests in programmes aimed at increasing the adaptive capacity of the vulnerable communities through landscape and seascape projects across the rural communities. Focusing on the “transformation concept” as a long-term adaptation strategy and enlargement of climate engineering and ecological resilience concepts, the paper discusses why building resilience from transformation of rural communities, as well as from landscape and seascape projects, would benefit communities and relevant authorities. This paper describes the findings of a study on two rural villages, Keigold and Mondo, from Ranogha Islands, Western Province, in Solomon Islands, where 80% of households decided to relocate from their old village “Mondo” to their new home “Keigold” after an earthquake in 2007, as part of a self-initiative. The reallocation process can be seen as a case of pro-active community transformation that provides valuable lessons to other rural communities that may be forced to move due to impacts from natural catastrophes, including those explained by climate change risks. Lessons from this experience suggest that policy-makers and non-government organisations should consider and empower local transformation initiatives as a way to building long-term adaptation to climate change.     

河南省北部区域霾污染过程中城市和农村点位PM2.5组分差异

近年来,我国京津冀及其周边地区暴发了多次霾污染过程,受观测仪器等因素的限制,尚未有对河南省北部城市和农村霾污染的对比研究.利用一系列在线高时间分辨率的观测仪器在河南省2个城市点位和3个农村点位对一次区域重污染过程(2018年1月12～25日)进行综合观测.结果表明SO₄^2-、 NO^-₃和NH⁺₄(SNA)是此次区域污染过程中5个点位PM_2.5中占比最高的组分,位于53%～63%之间,以NO^-₃为主24%～32%,其次为SO₄^2-(13%～17%).相较于城市点位,农村点位PM_2.5中有机物的占比更高,尤其是夜间.随着污染的加重,SNA的占比上升,重污染时段可达67%.此外,当区域受南部气团的传输影响时,5个点位PM_2.5中NO^-₃的占比增大;受北和东北部气团的传...     

旅游活动对四川升钟水库水质的干扰度研究

运用TADI指数研究升钟水库的旅游活动对水体环境的影响,比较了旅游活动中各个环节对水体的影响程度,指数越大,对水质影响越大。结果表明：升钟水库景区旅游人均TN、TP污染物排放量分别为3.57g／d、0.59g／d,升钟水库景区7类旅游接待设施综合干扰指数排序为：住宿类渔家乐T1〉渔家乐餐厅T2〉酒店T3〉餐馆T4〉摊贩T4〉公厕T7〉博物馆T6,住宿类型渔家乐（T1）对水质干扰最大,属高度干扰型;博物馆（T6）对水质干扰最小,属低度干扰型。不同的食宿组合方式中,渔家乐住宿餐饮型的TADI指数最大,对水质的干扰最强,仅在餐馆就餐则TADI指数为最小,对水质干扰也最弱。     

区域旅游经济与生态环境协调发展研究——以安徽省为例

在构建数学模型的基础上,运用SPSS17.0等软件对安徽省旅游经济—生态环境系统发展状况进行分析评价.结果表明,2000-2012年系统耦合度由0.7590上升到0.9657,耦合协调度由0.3743上升到0.8771,且系统发展经历了中度失调衰退类旅游经济损益型—勉强协调发展类旅游经济滞后型—中度协调发展类旅游经济滞后型—良好协调发展类生态环境滞后型的动态演化,可见系统相互影响带动作用增强,但生态环境的压力也在增大,在此基础上提出促进系统协调发展的相关建议.     

秦皇岛市旅游管理体制现状与改革研究

秦皇岛市旅游管理体制存在法律、法规不健全,管理体制不明确等问题,因此有必要借鉴日本、英国、泰国先进的旅游管理经验,结合秦皇岛市实际,对秦皇岛市旅游管理体制进行改革,建立全新的"三级两线"旅游管理体制。