不同量子化学算法在多环芳烃光解行为定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)中的应用

以采用MINDO/3、MNDO和AMI算法计算的17种多环芳烃（PAHs）的前线分子轨道能为分子结构参数,进行了这些PAHs光解速率常数的定量结构－性质相关（QSPR）的研究,并与基于PM3算法得到的QSPR模型进行了比较,研究结果表明,应用PM3算法得到的前线分子轨道能进行这些PAHs光解速率常数QSPR拟合的结果最好,其次是AMI算法,而MINDO/3和MNDO算法得到的结果较差。     

Trends of air pollution in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains, Bavaria

We analyzed 13 years of hourly measurements of SO₂, NO_x, and O₃, at forest ecosystem research sites in SE Germany. A quasi-continuous data record was obtained by combining data sets from two locations. Before interpreting trends in the combined data set, we analyzed if the change of location introduced a systematic bias. We employed autocorrelation functions, Hurst statistics, complexity analysis, and recurrence quantification and found that the partial data sets exhibited no indication of the presence of any bias. For SO₂, we also compared the data from the forest sites with data obtained in nearby cities and also found no indications for any systematic effects. Applying nonparametric trend statistics we found a significant decrease of the SO₂. Most of the observed decrease is due to the reductions of SO₂ emissions in eastern Germany, but reductions in western Germany and the Czech Republic also played important roles. For O₃, we observed a significant increase, the causes of which are unclear from our data alone. No trend was identified for NO_x.     

南京市小型餐饮娱乐服务业废水排放系数计算

运用数理统计学的分层抽样法对南京市2001年-2003年小型餐饮娱乐服务业废水中具有相关性的主要污染因子的排放浓度进行了统计,并计算出排放系数,提出用计算的废水排放系数征收小型餐饮娱乐服务业的排污费,实例表明,在该行业运用这一方法征收排污费是可行的。     

哑铃湾网箱养殖对水环境的影响

2002-04～2003-01对哑铃湾不同网箱养殖区水质和底泥的实地监测调查和分析表明,哑铃湾网箱养殖对环境的影响主要是:①使得养殖水环境中营养盐、BOD、COD、有机质和TSS增加,尤其是PO₄^3--P和NH₃-N增加更为明显;②使得底泥沉积物中N、P、硫化物、有机质等大量富集,其中富集现象最明显的是P、硫化物和NH₄-N,其次是TN和有机质.     

长江三角洲地区对流层臭氧的数值模拟研究

将NCAR的中尺度天气预报模式MM5和作者开发的化学模式相耦合,建立了一个中尺度区域空气质量模式.利用该模式选取了2个典型个例研究了长江三角洲地区的区域臭氧化学问题.本研究的目的是利用模式再现并描述长江三角洲地区的大气物理化学过程,结合地面观测资料进一步定量分析控制该地区臭氧浓度的物理和化学因子.通过个例模拟和分析表明,模式基本反应了长江三角洲地区的大气物理化学过程,进一步的因子分析解释了模拟区域内1999 06 18(个例2)臭氧浓度普遍比1999 08 07(个例1)的臭氧浓度高的原因.模拟结果表明天气条件决定的大气动力过程对区域空气质量起着至关重要的作用,这也是个例2区域臭氧浓度普遍偏高的最主要因素之一.分析表明,物理因子(平流输送,垂直湍流输送)的作用和化学因子的作用同样重要.同时还做了模式参数的敏感性实验研究,并对中尺度云雨化学模拟及其对臭氧化学的影响做了初步研究.     

用氟化钾水溶液从制药废液中回收吡啶

研究了普通精馏与加盐分相技术在回收吡啶中的应用。测定了吡啶 水 氟化钾体系在25℃时的液液相平衡数据,采用Pitzer理论和UNIQUAC方程对相平衡数据进行了理论计算,结果表明计算值与实验值符合良好。采用氟化钾水溶液回收吡啶,当60%氟化钾浓溶液与50%吡啶/50%水的物料的质量比为2.0时,有机相中吡啶的纯度可达到92.60%(质量分数),水相中氟化钾稀溶液经蒸发回收后循环使用不影响分离性能。该工艺的开发成功为制药行业从制药废液中回收吡啶开辟了一条新途径。     

江苏省钢铁产业绿色低碳技术创新发展路径

钢铁产业作为国民经济的重要基础支柱性产业和高碳排放行业,其绿色低碳转型对实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有十分重要的作用。在梳理国内外钢铁产业绿色低碳技术进展的基础上,阐述了江苏省钢铁产业绿色低碳技术发展的特点及实现“双碳”目标面临的挑战,提出了由能源结构优化、能效提升、钢化联产协同处置和低碳突破性创新等技术综合集成的绿色低碳技术创新体系发展路径。     

节能环保产业政策工具评述与展望

节能环保产业是打赢污染防治攻坚战的重要支撑,也是推动经济发展的新兴绿色动能。本文利用瓦当设计的政策工具三分法,对当前节能环保产业政策工具进行了分类研究。当前,影响节能环保产业政策的工具主要包括管制型工具、经济型工具、信息型工具三个类型。管制型工具包括指标控制、强制性标准和监督考核等;经济型工具包括财政支持、税收优惠、价格政策、金融政策等;信息型工具包括技术推广机制、产品推广机制等。尽管我国已经初步建立了政策支持体系,但当前政策工具仍然存在一系列不足,管制型工具、经济型工具、信息型工具都有较大的改进调整空间,应当进一步形成规范、合理的管制型制度,以普惠为主而非补助为主的经济型制度,以提供信息服务为主的信息型制度,并以此促进节能环保产业健康、有序发展。     

Prioritizing prevention opportunities in the Washington State construction industry, 2003-2007

Objective

This study compares construction industry groups in Washington State by injury severity and cost, and ranks industry groups according to potential for prevention.

Methods

All Washington State workers' compensation compensable claims with date of injury between 2003 and 2007 were classified into North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) industry groups. Claims were then aggregated by injury type and industry groups were ranked according to a prevention index (PI). The PI is the average of the rank orders of the claim count and the claim incidence rate. A lower PI indicates a higher need for prevention activities. The severity rate was calculated as the number of days of time loss per 10,000 full-time equivalents (FTEs).

Results

For all injury types, construction industry groups occupy 7 of the top 15 PI ranks in Washington State. The severity rate among construction industry groups was twice that for non-construction groups for all injury types. Foundation, structure, and building exterior contractors (NAICS 2381) ranked highest in prevention potential and severity among construction industry groups for most common injury types including falls from elevation, fall on same level, struck by/against, and musculo-skeletal disorders of the neck, back, and upper extremity (WMSDs). Median claim costs by injury type were generally higher among construction industry groups.

Conclusions

The construction industry in Washington State has a high severity rate and potential for prevention. The methods used for characterizing these industry groups can be adapted for comparison within and between other industries and states.

Impact on Industry

These data can be used by industry groups and employers to identify higher cost and higher severity injury types. Knowledge about the relative frequencies and costs associated with different injury types will help employers and construction industry associations make better informed decisions about where prevention efforts are most needed and may have the greatest impact. The results of this study can also be used by industry stakeholders to cooperatively focus on high cost and high severity injuries and explore best practices, interventions, and solutions as demonstrated by efforts to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in masonry (Entzel, Albers, & Welch, 2007). Initiating construction industry groups to focus on high cost and high severity injuries may also help prevent other types of injuries.     

非煤企业粉尘控制措施现状调查研究

采用典型抽样的方法选取5个非煤企业,对5个非煤企业的508例粉尘作业人员进行流行病学问卷调查,对20例工程技术人员及粉尘监测人员进行个人深入访谈。粉尘作业人员对粉尘危害预防的了解情况的正答率为84．62％,其中听过企业讲授粉尘危害及预防知识的比例为79．35％,知道工作环境中有人检测粉尘浓度的比例为77．42％。结论是非煤企业对生产性粉尘危害及预防知识的宣传力度不够;个人防护用品使用率低;粉尘作业人员对粉尘危害及基本防尘措施有一定程度的认识,但对国家相关法规认识程度较低;粉尘浓度监测可能存在漏洞。