Pah characteristics in ambient air within a steel industrial complex

Ambient air samples at ten sites in an iron and steel industrial complex were collected from June to December for analyzing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Sixteen species of PAH components in air samples were identified. The results indicate that both gaseous phase and particle‐bound PAHs at the top of the cokemaking plants are unusually high. The profiles of particle‐bound PAHs indicate that the predominant species at the top of, the coke oven batteries are those of high molecular weight components. The major components of particle‐bound PAHs at sampling sites near the fenceline, however, include the medium molecular weight components. The PAH profiles of air samples within the industrial complex show a strong similarity to those of cokemaking plant samples. The concentrations and the specific content of benzo(a)pyrene in the iron and steel industrial complex are higher than those values measured in urban area, petrochemical industry park, and open‐air burning area.     

A model algorithm for defining the vertical profile of absolute humidity by ground measurements of humidity

In this study a double model algorithm is developed for the simulation of the vertical profiles of monthly values of absolute humidity. The thrust of the algorithm is that is depends on the use of ground measurements for humidity and is based upon the use of two model relations for altitudes above and below 1 Km respectively. Monthly absolute humidity profiles as estimated using the specially constructed double model algorithm compare well with those calculated with the use of radiosonde data for the time period 1980–1990 (Helliniko station, Southern Greece). In particular the model estimation is very satisfactory at altitudes above the Planetary Boundary Layer and rather satisfying at altitudes below 1 Km. This implies that the model algorithm may be useful in supporting climatological studies in areas where lack of relevant information on the vertical distribution of water vapour is recognised.     

Industrial ecology flows of agriculture and food industry in Finland: utilizing by-products and wastes

Although half of the administrative units in China are said to have implemented their local Agenda 21, the promotion of sustainable communities is not pervasive. In this paper, we adopted a relatively untried mode of analysis and a socio-economic context to illustrate the potentials and failures of China's grassroots local government bodies in achieving sustainable waste management. Our study shows that, among the three main functions of sustainable waste management (ensuring environmental hygiene, provision of recycling logistics and changing the consumption pattern of the local community) for local governments, grassroots local government bodies in mainland China are only able to do the minimum, i.e. ensuring environmental hygiene and handling complaints. One of the reasons for the failure is that, despite the emphasis on capacity building in China's Agenda 21, the reality is that no action is taken to empower grassroots local government. Despite the high profile accorded by the Chinese central government to motivating local governments to formulate their own Agenda 21, local sustainability and waste management performance have little relevance to the appraisal systems of these government agents.     

冶金行业环境污染物的特征与监测技术综述

冶金行业是国民经济重要的基础原材料工业,在其制造体系中大量的物质、产品流、废弃物、能量转换过程、多形式的排放过程都对环境造成不同层次和程度上的影响。针对不同工艺产生的污染物特征及主要污染物的种类,综述了环境监测运用的各类监测技术、监测方法,为环境管理、污染源控制、环境规划等提供科学依据。     

工业绿色发展评价指标体系及应用于广东省区域评价的分析

工业的快速发展,给资源环境带来了前所未有的压力,于是人们纷纷探讨绿色发展之路.工业绿色发展评价指标体系的研究旨在发现工业绿色转型升级中的薄弱环节,设计评估工业的绿色发展状况的指标,引导工业绿色转型升级,从而实现工业发展与资源环境的和谐统一.文章借鉴脱钩理论的核心理念,分析资源环境的特征指标,利用工业资源消耗或污染物排放变化对工业产值的弹性脱钩值作为考察工业绿色转型升级的动态指标,建立包括工业资源环境压力、工业资源环境弹性脱钩和工业发展绿化度3个方面的工业绿色发展评价指标体系,并应用于广东省21个地级以上城市的评价分析.研究表明,该指标体系对于评价工业绿色发展具有实际可操作性,结果合理、可靠.对广东各地的实证评价分析显示,广东省工业总体绿色发展水平不断提升,在高压力水平下,逐步向资源节约型、环境友好型的新型工业化道路转型.但由于各地工业发展水平不同、资源环境约束目标不同,工业绿色发展的进程也存在较大区域差异.资源环境约束严格的珠三角核心区工业绿色发展情况相对其他地区较好,属高绿化度高资源环境压力的绿色发展模式.资源环境约束较严格的粤北山区工业转型升级也有明显进展.而在资源环境约束管理不大的珠三角非核心区与粤西地区中,江门和湛江工业绿色发展相对较好,肇庆和茂名一般,惠州和阳江工业呈粗放发展,粤东地区除汕头外,工业粗放发展趋势明显.因此,各地应制定针对性措施,促进工业结构调整,限制高消耗、重污染型行业发展,加大工业污染防治力度,推进高消耗、重污染型行业的生态化转型,推动工业绿色转型升级加快.     

土默川平原不同盐渍化土壤酶活性特征的研究

为探讨土默川平原不同盐渍化程度土壤酶活性的特征,选取轻度、中度、重度盐渍化土壤为对象,采用滴定法、比色法研究了0～40 cm土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶4种酶活性不同季节的变化特征。结果表明:随盐渍化程度加剧,4种酶活性均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,蔗糖酶活性变化在0.65～36.55 mg·g-1、过氧化氢酶活性变化在2.76～3.35 mL·g-1、脲酶活性变化在0.003～0.018 mg·g-1、碱性磷酸酶活性变化在0.10～0.98 mg·g-1;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶随土层加深酶活性降低,而过氧化氢酶活性表现为20～40 cm土层高于0～20 cm;不同盐渍化程度土壤酶活性的季节性变化趋势不同,过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的季节性变化呈先升高后下降的趋势,脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的季节性变化呈先升高后下降再升高再下降的趋势,碱性磷酸酶随时间的推移酶活性逐渐上升,且土壤酶活性出现峰值也不同,蔗糖酶和脲酶出现在8月,过氧化氢酶出现在7月,碱性磷酸酶出现在9月;不同盐渍化程度土壤酶活性在一个生长季内变化幅度表现为轻度>中度>重度盐渍化;不同盐渍化土壤碱性磷酸酶与脲酶、蔗糖酶活性呈极显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶活性呈极显著负相关,蔗糖酶与脲酶活性呈极显著正相关。因此,土默川平原不同盐渍化程度土壤酶活性及其季节性变化差异显著,土壤盐分含量影响着该地区土壤酶活性的变化。     

十一镍锆钼杂多酸盐的合成、表征及超声强化降解染料废水

采用水溶液合成法制备了具有Keggin型结构的十一镍锆钼杂多酸盐Na6[Ni（Mo11ZrO39）].20H2O（NiZrMo）,并对其进行表征及分析.元素分析表明,镍锆钼之间的物质的量之比满足1∶1∶11的关系;热重/差热分析说明合成的杂多酸盐具有比较好的热稳定性并带有20个结晶水;红外光谱、X射线衍射及紫外光谱表征充分表明合成的杂多酸盐其阴离子仍保持Keggin型结构;扫描电镜分析表明,具有比较好的大分子化合物的基本特征和比较规则的晶体结构.以NiZrMo杂多酸盐为催化剂降解酸性绿B（AGB）染料废水,降解率最高可达95.72%.     

民勤绿洲天然胡杨林生长季土壤水盐动态

利用经典统计学与地统计学方法研究民勤绿洲天然胡杨林生长季的土壤水盐动态变化规律。结果表明,民勤县双茨科乡和苏武乡土壤含水量随土层深度增加而增大,夹河乡土壤含水量则随土层深度增加先增大后减小。研究区0～20 cm土壤含水量较低,为8.5～34.0 g.kg-1,平均值为18.2 g.kg-1。土壤含水量属中等变异性,且呈中等程度的空间相关性。各季节土壤含水量从高到低依次为春季、秋季和夏季。土壤全盐量属中等变异性,总体变化趋势为随土层深度增加而减小,夹河、苏武和双茨科乡0～20 cm土壤全盐量平均值分别为15.4、28.0和11.1 g.kg-1。各季节土壤全盐量由高到低依次为春季、夏季和秋季。胡杨胸径与土壤水盐含量间呈负相关。     

新型膜分离技术及其工业中的应用

用膜法来处理废水有高效、低能耗和易操作处理效率高的优点,而且有利于回收废液中的物质,在水处理中有着广阔的应用前景.在介绍常规和新型膜分离技术的基础上,对新型膜分离技术在工业中的发展及应用进行了综述.     

灾害化学的核心原理研究

为完善安全科学原理的内容,促进安全科学的理论发展,基于对安全科学理论体系和灾害化学的研究,提出灾害化学原理的定义及其研究内容。归纳出灾害化学的六个核心原理,即热平衡原理、过程控制原理、平衡移动原理、反应减速原理、条件阻隔原理、质能守恒原理,并分析这些原理的概念和内涵。最后,从本质化安全生产设计、职业安全健康与管理和安全经济效益的角度分析灾害化学原理的应用,并选取具体实例详细阐述了各原理的实用性。