国外环保产业的发展

对国外环保产业的发展情况及世界环保产业市场状况和发展趋势进行了论述     

江西环保产业现状和发展的思考

随着经济建设与环境保护事业的发展，环保产业已成为全球性的一种特殊产业．此文论述了江西的环保产业的现状，环保产业面临的主要困境及加快环保产业发展必需解决的问题     

5%NaCl盐雾环境对铝合金铆接防护结构性能影响研究

目的研究2024铝合金在5%NaCl盐雾环境下的腐蚀疲劳性能。方法开展2024铝合金5%NaCl盐雾环境下的腐蚀疲劳试验,采用"疲劳加载-腐蚀环境"交替循环的试验模式,通过试验测试铝合金铆接结构在5%NaCl盐雾环境下的腐蚀疲劳寿命值,分析不同疲劳载荷大小对铝合金连接结构的腐蚀疲劳寿命影响。结果 5%NaCl盐雾环境对于铝合金铆接结构疲劳寿命有较大影响,疲劳载荷对防护涂层防护性能和腐蚀疲劳载荷的滞后效应等两方面影响,0.25P破坏载荷相较于0.3P破坏载荷,涂层防护作用影响更小,低载锻炼效应更强,腐蚀疲劳寿命降低量更少。结论 2024铝合金铆接结构耐腐蚀性能与结构载荷和防护涂层特性有重要关系。     

特种化工废水的生物毒性、抑制性研究

某厂特种有机废水 ,含季铵盐和羟乙基纤维素。研究表明 ,他们在浓度分别超过 1 2 0 mg/L和 2 2 0 mg/L时 ,呈现生物毒性或抑制性 ,且随浓度增高而严重影响废水生化处理效果。当水样中季铵盐浓度小于 1 2 0 mg/L,羟乙基纤维素浓度小于 2 2 0 mg/L时 ,它们不具生物毒性 ,可作为营养物质被微生物利用。废水动态模拟试验表明 ,进水 CODCr30 0 0 mg/L的废水 ,用接触厌氧—好氧生化法能使出水达到当地排放标准。     

耐盐降解苯乙酸类菌株A1(Arthrobacter sp.A1)的分离和特性研究

从处理含盐（NaCl浓度为0．77mol/L）苯乙酸生产污水的耐盐活性污泥中分离到一株节杆菌（Arthrobacter sp.A1）。该菌株能在NaCl浓度为0．1mol/L－2．0mol/L，以苯乙酸为唯一碳源的基础培养基中生长，或在NaCl浓度为0mol/L－2.4mol/L的完全培养基中生长，并能适应急剧的盐浓度变化，对其它常见的低价态无机盐份如KCl、MgCl2、（NH4）2SO4、Na2SO4、CaCl2也具有较强的耐受性，而对高价态无机盐份和重金属盐则耐受性不强。在不同的NaCl浓度下，菌株A1细胞内的QAC（季胺化合物）、游离氨基酸和K^ 含量与盐浓度的升高成正比关系。     

抚顺市重点工业行业废气污染治理成本费用分析

根据抚顺市不同行业的重点污染企业2001年污染治理的有关数据，分析了抚顺市的重点行业废气污染物治理成本。通过分析得到不同行业各企业在现有的工艺流程和治理设施正常运转的情况下，各种废气污染物的治理成本。     

Nitrate reductase for nitrate analysis in water

Nitrate analysis in water is one of the most frequently applied methods in environmental chemistry. Current methods for nitrate are generally based on toxic substances. Here, we show that a viable alternative method is to use the enzyme nitrate reductase. The key to applying this Green Chemistry solution for nitrate analysis is plentiful, inexpensive, analytical grade enzyme. We demonstrate that recombinant Arabidopsis nitrate reductase, expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, is a highly effective catalyst for nitrate analysis at 37°C. Recombinant production of enzyme ensures consistent quality and provides means to meet the needs of environmental chemistry.     

水处理氧化还原过程的电动化学特性

以流动电流为参数,研究了水处理条件下氧化还原过程的电动化学特性.考察了水中KMnO_4及其与Mn~(2+),Fe~(2+)之间氧化还原作用的流动电流(SC)规律,探讨了氧化还原的初始条件、水处理环境、原水水质、氧化剂与还原剂的投加方式等对流动电流的影响.结果表明,水中约0.5mg·l~(-1)的KMnO_4可产生SC的峰值,而且当它与Mn~(2+)和Fe~(2+)经不同条件进行氧化还原作用时,可通过SC值的变化表现出更为明显的电动化学特性.     

焦化行业的环境风险评价方法

结合具体实例，对焦化行业环境风险评价中，环境风险污染源的识别、影响预测及环境风险的减缓措施和应急预案的制定等评价方法进行了分析。     

Natural pollution caused by the extremely acidic crater lake Kawah Ijen, East Java, Indonesia

Background. Aims and Scope Lakes developing in volcano craters can become highly acidic through the influx of volcanic gases, yielding one of the chemically most extreme natural environments on earth. The Kawah Ijen crater lake in East Java (Indonesia) has a pH 〈 0.3. It is the source of the extremely acid and metal-polluted river Banyupahit (45 km). The lake has a significant impact on the river ecosystem as well as on a densely populated area downstream, where agricultural fields are irrigated with water with a pH between 2.5 and 3.5. The chemistry of the river water seemed to have changed over the past decade and the negative effect in the irrigation area increased. A multidisciplinary approach was used to investigate the altered situation and to get insight in the water chemistry and the hydrological processes influencing these alterations. Moreover, a first investigation of the effects of the low pH on ecosystem health and human health was performed. Methods Water samples were taken at different sites along the river and in the irrigation area. Sampling for macroinvertebrates was performed at the same sites. Samples of soil and crop were taken in the irrigation area. All samples were analysed for metals (using ICP-AES) and other elements, and concentrations were compared to local and international standards. Results and Discussion The river carries a very high load of SO4, NH4, PO4, Cl, F, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Al and other potentially toxic elements. Precipitation and discharge data over the period of 1980 – 2000 clearly show that the precipitation on the Ijen plateau influences water chemistry of the downstream river. Metal concentrations in the river water exceed the concentrations mentioned in Indonesian and international quality guidelines, even in the downstream river and the irrigation area. Some metal concentrations are extremely high, especially iron (up to 1600 mg/l) and aluminium (up to 3000 mg/l). The food-webs in the acidic parts of the river are highly underdeveloped. No invertebrates were present in the extremely acid water and, at pH 2.3, only chironomids were found. This also holds true for the river water with pH 3.3 in the downstream area. Agricultural soils in the irrigation area have a pH of 3.9 compared to a pH of 7.0 for soils irrigated with neutral water. Decreased yields of cultivated crops are probably caused by the use of Al containing acid irrigation water. Increased levels of metals (especially Cd, Co, Ni and Mn) are found in different foodstuffs, but still remain within acceptable ranges. Considering local residents” diets, Cd levels may lead to an increased risk for the human health. Fluoride exposure is of highest concern, with levels in drinking water exceeding guideline values and a lot of local residents suffering from dental fluorosis. Conclusions, Recommendations and Outlook In short, our data indicate that the Ijen crater lake presents a serious threat to the environment as well as human health and agricultural production.