闪光烟火剂感度变化因素的实验研究

研究铝粉的粒度、形状和粘合剂的含量对闪光烟火药剂感度的影响。发现由铝粉和高氯酸钾配制的二元药剂对摩擦和冲击比较钝感，而对静电火花和火焰敏感；当加入粘合剂后，冲击感度和摩擦感度均明显提高。而静电火花感度和火焰感度均明显下降。粒度和形状对感度的影响是铝粉比表面积变化引起的；粘合剂对感度的影响是由于加入粘合剂后形成的微胶囊的脆性和硬度较大，且易藏有气泡，容易形成热点。     

辐射化学在环境激素研究中的应用

环境激素对地球生态系统带来严重威胁.大量难降解环境激素(如多氯联苯、二噁英)危害全球脆弱的生态环境,其直接后果之一就是人类乳腺癌等恶性疾病发病率急剧上升.因此,当今世界各国均十分重视环境激素的环境生物学机理研究.辐射化学作为一门高新技术,在环境激素污染物处理、降解机理与生命科学研究等方面可发挥重要作用,例如:同步辐射可用于直接观测溶液口的雌激素受体ER真实结构,脉冲辐解、激光光解和电子自旋共振用于研究环境激素活性瞬态粒子动力学等等.     

矿业环境侵害特征、行为及控制

矿产资源的开发利用会伴随矿业环境侵害行为的出现 ,但不能就此否认矿产资源开发利用的真正价值。矿业环境侵害来源于矿产资源的无序开发和采、选、冶技术的相对落后。矿业环境侵害行为虽多样 ,而最终受害者是大民大众。它的行为特征具有间接性、衍生性、广泛性、缓慢性、区域性和复合性的特点 ,对其控制是一种社会控制 ,可通过环境教育、法律调控、经济制约和科学技术等手段来实现。只有这样 ,矿山企业才能妥善处理好矿业发展与环境保护之间的关系 ,才能实现社会经济的可持续发展     

化工企业危险性评价述评

对化工企业危险性评价的定义，内容和分类方法进行了介绍，并就化工危险性评价中存在的不确定性问题进行了分析，同时对提高化工企业危险性评价质量的途径进行了探讨。     

Streamwater chemistry and flow dynamics along vegetation-soil gradient in a subalpine Abies fabri forest watershed, China

Streamwater chemistry and spatial flow dynamics from a subalpine Abies fabri forest in an experimental watershed located in the east slope of Gongga Mountain were analyzed to gain insights into the gradient effect of primary community succession on the stream biogeochemical process. Results showed that high sand content (exceeding 80%) and porosity in the soil(exceeding 20% in A horizon and 35% in B horizon), as well as a thick humus layer on the soil surface, made the water exchange quickly in the Huangbengliu (HBL) watershed. Consequently, no surface runoff was observed, and the stream discharge changed rapidly with the daily precipitation. The flow trends of base ions in the stream water were influenced by the Abies fabri succession gradient. Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2,- were the dominant anions in the streamwater in this region. A significant difference of Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2- concentration exported between the succession stages in the watershed can be found. But they had the similar temporal change in the stream flow. Ca^2 , HCO3^- and SO4^2- showed significantly negative correlations with the daily precipitation and the stream discharge. Concentrations of Cl^- , Na^ , K^ , and Mg^2 were low in all streamwaters monitored and we observed no differences along the Abies fabri succession gradient. Low ratios of Na. (Na Ca) (range from 0.1 to 0.2) implied cations were from bedrock weathering (internal source process in the soil system) in this region. But, a variance analysis showed there were almost no differences between rainwater and streamwaters for Mg^2 , Na^ , K^ , and Cl^- concentrations. This indicated that they might be come from rainfall inputs(external source). The highly mobile capacity, rapid water exchange between precipitation and discharge, and long-term export lead to this observed pattern were suggested.     

生态城区建设中的生态第三产业发展对策--以长沙市芙蓉区为例

发展生态第三产业是生态城区建设的必然要求.本文以长沙市芙蓉区为例,在分析了芙蓉区第三产业现状的基础上,提出了建设生态第三产业的发展对策.     

中国化工产业园区化的驱动机制:基于社会-生态系统框架下的博弈论分析

化工产业园区化是政府合理规范化工园区且将化工园区外化工生产企业关停并搬迁至化工园区内的产业集聚化,是解决目前中国化工产业安全事故频发、环境污染严重等问题,推进化工产业转型升级的重要政策之一。中国化工产业园区化的社会—生态系统框架刻画了化工园区、化工产品、化工园区管委会、企业和公众四个核心子系统的关联,在此基础上,中国化工产业园区化的博弈模型将参与者简化为政府(包括化工园区管委会)、企业(化工生产企业)和公众(化工生产企业现址影响半径内的居民群体),并分别构建了政府与企业间的博弈模型与公众参与下的政府与企业间的博弈模型。根据模型推论,此两类情景博弈的纳什均衡都可以为(政府行政政策,企业按期搬迁入园)或(政府经济政策,企业按期搬迁入园)。中国化工产业园区化的驱动机制,是在作为外在驱动主体的政府和公众的引导和监督下,作为内在驱动主体的化工生产企业,在各驱动因素的协同作用下,实现其"按期搬迁入园"的机制。进而得出化工生产企业与化工园区"按期匹配搬迁入园"、提升化工园区公共服务能力、差异化地一企一策及建立公众和企业与政府的三方对话机制的四点政策建议。     

A study on marine industry and environment of China: regarding Japan’s experience

China is facing the challenge of many marine environment problems with rapid economic growth. Japan had experienced similar marine environmental pressure during its industrialization and had been facing the problem through successful environment policy step by step. The paper reviews the lessons and experiences of Japan’s marine environment protection and analyzes the marine environment pollution in China and its causes, taking Shandong province as a case, such as GDP-oriented economic growth, heavy coal assumption, etc. The paper also analyzes the marine industry with focuses on coastal tourism and its relationship with marine environment. Suggestions on polices are provided based on the analysis on China’ marine environment and Japan’s experience.     

化工园区应急物资需求决策模型研究

为实现化工园区高效应急救援,针对化工园区应急物资需求及特点,从基本物资需求量、应急物资消耗量、应急物资损耗量3个方面,构建化工园区应急物资需求优先级指标体系;基于TOPSIS方法对各应急物资需求进行重要性分级排序,设计求解出应急物资需求量的BP神经网络预测模型。以化工园区历史事故案例进行分析,结果表明,BP神经网络应急物资需求预测结果和实际应急物资需求量相差很小,结合TOPSIS方法后的应急物资需求分级决策方案,能有效辅助应急物资的组织和调度,最大限度地发挥应急效用。     

国内外煤化工行业污染物排放标准研究及启示

系统分析了煤化工行业的产排污情况,梳理了国内外相关排放标准。结果表明:国内仅焦化等部分工序有行业排放标准,其余工序目前执行水或大气的综合排放标准,其污染物项目不能全面反映煤化工行业的污染特征,急需制定煤化工行业污染物排放标准;国外相关标准情况与国内类似,无直接借鉴意义。建议:合理界定煤化工排放标准的适用范围,与其他排放标准协调配套,控制整个行业的污染物排放;针对大气污染物,明确各排放口的特征污染物,结合综合指标和高毒性物质指标进行挥发性有机物的排放控制;针对水污染物,引入综合毒性指标以有效控制废水中有毒有害污染物排放的环境风险。