Detection of a Toxic Product Released by a Polyurethane-Containing Film Using a Composting Test Method Based on a Mineral Bed

The degradation of a film containing a 4,4diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) poly(€-caprolactone)-based polyurethane was followed in a test system based on a mineral solid bed designed to facilitate analysis of break-down products released under composting conditions. The use of a mineral solid bed can help extraction and analytical procedures which could be hindered by the heterogeneous nature of compost. The fermentation conditions are typical of the composting environment and generate a powerfully degradative environment. The film fully disintegrated within 30 days of treatment. Analysis on the mineral bed extracts showed that: (i) about 40% of the initial polyurethane was still present in the bed extracts; (ii) this residue was strongly degraded in the poly(€-caprolactone) part, while the urethane part was almost completely recovered (from 80 to 95%, according to the measurement method); (iii) 4,4 diamino diphenyl methane (MDA), a very dangerous product of MDI, was released during biodegradation. The results indicate that a mineral bed can be employed to study degradation and metabolites formation in solid phase fermentation and that the MDI-based polyurethanes are not susceptible of a full degradation during composting and maintain the potential of a slow release of MDA into the environment after soil application.     

星云湖、杞麓湖磷污染来源比较

通过对星云湖、杞麓湖水体磷含量变化情况、流域产业结构和磷入湖途径的比较分析,认为近年来星云湖水体磷含量水平的大幅提高,使星云湖水质由Ⅲ类在大约5a的时间里下降为V类、劣V类,与星云湖流域及周边磷化工产业的快速发展息息相关。而杞麓湖由于流域内无磷矿资源也没有大的磷化工产业,其磷含量水平得于稳定。     

兖州矿业集团鲍店矿区土壤重金属污染评价

对兖州矿业集团鲍店矿区土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn四种典型重金属元素的污染状况研究结果表明 ,该区土壤中四种元素的平均含量都高于土壤背景值 ,土壤已受到Cd的重污染 ,土壤Zn为警戒级 ,其它元素为安全级。综合污染指数顺序为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb。     

填料初始湿度对气态乙酸乙酯生物过滤的影响

以堆肥 珍珠岩作为生物过滤器填料 ,研究了填料初始湿度对去除气态乙酸乙酯的影响 .当进气乙酸乙酯负荷为 2 65—376g (m3·h)时 ,通过 1 2 3h的运行实验 ,发现初始湿度低至 30 % (以重量计 )的填料对乙酸乙酯去除能力较低 ,达到稳定运行状态需要较长时间 .而初始湿度较高的填料 (40 %— 70 % )去除乙酸乙酯能力较强 ,可以较快达到稳定运行状态 ,在稳定状态时对乙酸乙酯的去除率较高 .初始湿度高至 70 %的填料不利于实际操作 .在初始湿度高的填料中 ,微生物细胞总数以及细菌和霉菌数量较多 ,酵母菌和放线菌的含量较少 .填料的初始湿度为 40 %— 60 %比较适宜     

淋洗模拟研究有机盐膜抑制黄铁矿的生物氧化效果

经有机难溶盐包膜后的黄铁矿矿石接菌下间歇循环淋洗一年后其循环收集液中SO4^2-含量点供试样品中总SO4^2量的0.16%，较对照的下降了97％，pH从初始6.82下降至5.48，但对照pH却从初始的7.57下降至2.35，矿石样品经扫描电子显微镜显示：包膜的矿石样品表面仍呈光洁状，而对照的表面布满细小洞穴，清楚指出：笔者首次提出的有机盐膜能有效地抑制T．F菌对黄铁矿的氧化作用。     

Concentrative phenomenon of relative content ratios of Cu, Pb and Zn in soils

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｏｐｐｅｒ,ｌｅａｄａｎｄｚｉｎｃｈａｖｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒ ｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓａｎｄｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｗｔｈｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｉｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｎａｔｕｒａｌｂｏｄｉｅｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｙｃｏｍｍｏｎｌｙｈａｖｅｔｈｅｓｔｒｏｎｇｅｒａｆｆｉｎｉｔｙｗｉｔｈｓｕｌｐｈｕｒ.ＰｅｏｐｌｅｈａｖｅｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔＣｕａｎｄＺｎａｒｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄＰｂｉｓｄｅｌｅｔｅｒｉｏｕｓｆｏｒｈｕｍａｎｂｏｄｙ .Ｐｅｏｐｌｅａｒ…     

天津中心城区景观水系营养盐收支平衡

在调查营养盐来源与输出途径的基础上,对天津中心城区景观水系进行水量平衡分析,核算各项污染因素对景观河道营养盐的污染贡献率,从而揭示了城市景观河道生态环境营养元素与降水、径流、输水等环境因素的定量关系.核算结果表明:总氮、总磷各种污染源中,市政雨污水贡献率分别占到76.4%和76.8%,放水占总输出贡献率的55.6%,总氮、总磷滞留系数分别达到0.5、0.4.总氮沉积量大于底泥释放量,底泥还处于污染物的富集态势中.     

铝盐混凝剂的研究及应用进展

铝盐混凝剂是应用最为广泛的无机盐类混凝剂，对几种铝盐混凝剂进行了评述，复合高分子铝盐混凝剂是一类高效水处理剂，是我国铝盐混凝剂的研制方向。     

钦州湾近20 a来水环境指标的变化趋势Ⅰ平水期营养盐状况

根据 198 3、1990年和 1998～ 1999年平水期 (春、秋季 )的调查资料 ,分析了钦州湾水域的营养盐状况及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明 :本湾营养盐含量变化显著 ,无机氮呈明显递增趋势 ,无机磷则与此相反 ,而活性硅的最低值则出现在浮游植物量最高的 1990年度 ;相关分析显示 ,陆源输入的多寡和浮游植物的丰度是导致本湾N、P、Si含量变化的主要因素 ;Si/N/P值分析则体现了本湾从明显N限制到显著P限制的演化规律 ,而Si限制状态只有在浮游植物异常丰富的情况下才出现 ;通过营养状态综合指数计算 ,表明本湾水体已由明显贫营养状态上升为中营养和富营养状态     

Synthesis and environmental degradation of polyesters based on poly (ε-caprolactone)

Poly (-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (-valerolactone) (PVL), poly (-caprolactone-co--valerolactone) [P(CL-co-VL)], and poly (-caprolactone-co-ethylene oxide-co--caprolactone) (PCL-PEO-PCL) were synthesized by ring-opening and diol-initiated polymerization of -caprolactone and -valerolactone. The degradation of the samples by chemical hydrolysis and in a soil burial test was evaluated. It was found that PCL, PVL, and P(CL-co-VL) degrade mainly enzymatically. The rate of degradation depends on their molecular weight, chemical structure, composition, and morphology. PCL-PEO-PCL block copolymers exhibit a repelling effect to the microorganisms in the soil, which depends on the molecular weight and relative amount of PEO block in the copolymer.