西昌市13种野生蘑菇中汞含量分析及安全性评价

地球生态系统汞的水平一般非常低,但某些大型真菌对汞的强烈积累则是例外.分析了采集于四川省西昌市未受汞污染地方生长的13种野生蘑菇99个样品子实体中汞的含量,用原子荧光法测定蘑菇和蘑菇采集地土壤中的汞含量.野生蘑菇的汞含量随蘑菇种类的不同而不同,双色牛肝菌积累汞的能力最强,质量比为0.99 mg Hg/(kg·dw),生物富集常数(BCF)达2.01.提出野生蘑菇对汞的积累明显受介质汞水平的影响.分析的汞含量与早期的文献数据报道进行比较,评价了法律规定的人体吸收汞水平和食用蘑菇对人体汞吸收量的贡献,指出人们在消费蘑菇时可能存在的风险和应对措施.     

永瓣藤某些化学成分的研究

对永瓣藤总糖、粗脂肪、灰分、维生素C、磷、钾和各类氨基酸的含量进行了测量和分析,并对这些化学成分在不同部位的含量进行了比较。不同部位化学成分的含量存在一定的差异,除灰分外,其它化学成分含量均是叶高于茎、嫩茎高于老茎。     

On Disaster Economy Study

1The Meaning and Role of Disaster Economy StudyDisasters have caused tremendous economic losses in the world and become an important factorrestricting the sustainable developmentof national economies.According to statistics,the annualdisaster-hit population of the world totals 2 5 0 milion～ 30 0 million,with 1 0 0 0 0～ 1 0 0 0 0 0 peoplekilled,and the direct economic loss amounts to billions of US dollars.For instances,thedisaster-caused economic losses in 1 994and 1 995 amounted to 6 5 b…     

含铬污液在土壤中迁移规律的研究

通过静态吸附和动态土柱淋溶实验,研究了含铬污液中Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）在土壤中的迁移规律。结果表明,土壤对Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的等温吸附过程均符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ方程,土壤对Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的饱和吸附量分别为２．１７＊１０＾４ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ;动态截留量分别为７．００＊１０＾３ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５６．７ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

Vegetation succession and lichen diversity on dry coastal calciumpoor dunes and the impact of management experiments

The negative impact of grass and moss encroachment on the botanical diversity of West European coastal dunes attracted increasing attention in the 1990s. This paper focuses on moss encroachment during primary succession in the xeroseries. Until the mid-1970s, vegetation types rich in species of the lichen generaCladonia andCladina were found on the fixed,Corynephorus canescens-dominated, so-called grey dunes all over the island of Terschelling, The Netherlands. In addition, species ofHypogymnia, Parmelia andUsnea, which usually grow on trees, occurred here terrestrially on moss carpets or bare sand. These vegetation types are still present on the Noordsvaarder, a nature reserve in the western part of the island. They occur on parts of seven dune ridges parallel to the coast and form a chronosequence in which age increases with distance from the sea. Our study found the highest lichen diversity on the second and third dune ridges in a stage of primary succession that can be assigned to theViolo-Corynephoretum. The changes from lichen-rich to moss-dominated stadia were significantly related to soil development and acidification in connection with the ageing of the dune soil. The superficial cutting of sods in moss-encroached vegetation appeared to be unsuccessful as a management technique for restoring the biodiversity of cryptogams. Our findings suggest that the best option for maintaining lichen vegetation in theViolo-Corynephoretum is the blow-in of sand with a subneutral or neutral pH from reactivated and natural blowouts or from foredunes, with increasing lime content respectively. Nomenclature: Van der Meijden (1990) for higher plants; Touw & Rubers (1989) for mosses; Purvis et al. (1992) for lichens. A set of lichen specimens has been deposited at the herbarium of Dr. A. Aptroot (C.B.S. Baarn) — herbarium code ABL (Taxon 44: 258).     

镁盐和炉渣对印染废水的脱色处理

实验研究了不同pH、温度：Mg2＋投量和沉降时间下,镁盐、炉渣、镁盐＋炉渣3种处理对模拟和实际印染废水的脱色效果。结果表明,在pH为11～11．5、沉降30rain、30℃及Mg2＋投加量为500～600mg／L的最优脱色条件下,3种处理对艳红FXC模拟废水的最大脱色率分别为98．41％、98．43％和99．37％,对实际印染废水的最大脱色率分别为90．18％、89．63％和93．33％,其中,镁盐＋炉渣脱色效果最好,这可能与炉渣吸附和起到协同增强Mg（OH）2沉淀效果的作用有关。对水样的液相色谱初步检测分析表明,实际废水脱色处理前后染色基团峰高和种类发生了变化。该研究对盐田富镁卤水和炉渣等废物的资源化开发有重要参考价值。     

镁盐和炉渣对印染废水的脱色处理简

实验研究了不同pH、温度、Mg²⁺投量和沉降时间下,镁盐、炉渣、镁盐+炉渣3种处理对模拟和实际印染废水的脱色效果。结果表明,在pH为11~11.5、沉降30 min、30℃及Mg²⁺投加量为500~600 mg/L的最优脱色条件下,3种处理对艳红FXC模拟废水的最大脱色率分别为98.41%、98.43%和99.37%,对实际印染废水的最大脱色率分别为90.18%、89.63%和93.33%,其中,镁盐+炉渣脱色效果最好,这可能与炉渣吸附和起到协同增强Mg（OH）₂沉淀效果的作用有关。对水样的液相色谱初步检测分析表明,实际废水脱色处理前后染色基团峰高和种类发生了变化。该研究对盐田富镁卤水和炉渣等废物的资源化开发有重要参考价值。     

基于岗位(群)的高职《森林培育技术》课程内容改革探索

林业是生态建设的主力军,是生态保护的重要载体。《森林培育技术》教学内容不能满足社会的需求,跟不上时代发展的需要,迫切需要改革。以就业导向等为原则,采取优化课程内容,突出实用性等措施,对高职生态环境保护专业的骨干课程《森林培育技术》的教学内容、教学方法、考试方法进行改革探索。     

Forest Value Orientations in Australia: An Application of Computer Content Analysis

This article explores the expression of three forest value orientations that emerged from an analysis of Australian news media discourse about the management of Australian native forests from August 1, 1997 through December 31, 2004. Computer-coded content analysis was used to measure and track the relative importance of commodity, ecological and moral/spiritual/aesthetic forest value orientations. The number of expressions of these forest value orientations followed major events in forest management and policy, with peaks corresponding to finalization of Regional Forest Agreements and conflicts over forest management. Over the time period analyzed, the relative share of commodity value orientation decreased and the shares of the ecological and moral/spiritual/aesthetic value orientations increased. The shifts in forest value orientations highlight the need for native forests to be managed for multiple values and the need for continued monitoring of forest values. Research carried out while employed by the Bureau of Rural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, Canberra, Australia.     

中国城市矿产政策演化研究

城市矿产是工业化和城市化过程的产物,它是蕴藏于城市中有较高经济价值并可回收利用的二次资源,具有载能性、循环性、战略性。随着工业化、城镇化和消费持续升级,"垃圾围城"已然成为中国许多大中城市亟需解决的环境问题,严重阻碍中国的可持续发展。城市矿产变废为宝,能有效化解资源与环境双重约束。为此,中国政府先后出台一系列城市矿产产业政策以推动其快速发展。本文收集1987—2015年国家层面颁布的相关政策文件,在运用内容分析法对政策文本梳理、编码并统计计量的基础上,首先从颁布部门、数量、力度等方面对政策体系进行总体分析,然后构建并运用政策工具-政策作用环节两维度分析框架,探讨中国城市矿产政策体系的演化过程及发展特征。研究发现:(1)从政策发展历程分析,中国城市矿产政策体系经历了依附环境保护政策的孕育期、体系初建的形成期和效力深化的发展期。(2)从政策颁布维度分析,中国城市矿产政策颁布速度逐渐加快,力度逐渐增强,参与机构数量不断增多。(3)从政策工具维度分析,中国城市矿产政策体系以环境型政策为主,逐渐呈现出强化供给型政策的演化趋势。(4)从政策作用环节分析,中国城市矿产政策体系由重点关注回收、深加工环节向关注全产业链环节演变。最后,针对中国城市矿产政策体系演变特征与存在的不足,本文从以下三个方面提出了促进中国城市矿产产业发展的政策建议:一是加强部际联系,完善顶层设计;二是加强消费引导,完善需求型政策;三是立足产品全生命周期,健全产业政策体系。