城市泥石流易损性评价

本文探讨了城市泥石流易损性评价的系统方法,该方法包括:易损体类型划分,易损体数量调查统计,评价模型构建和核算易损体价值等主要内容.目前对地观测技术可以更精确地用于城市泥石流易损性分析,并对城市居民房屋、基础设施和农业用地等进行易损性评价.本研究以美国高分辨率的"快鸟"卫星影象为数据源,完成了研究区的土地覆盖类型遥感解译,应用地理信息系统提供的统计和分析工具,完成了研究区不同土地覆盖类型的城市泥石流易损性计算和评价.     

西气东输工程靖边至宁陕界沙地生态环境保护对策

靖边至宁陕界的西气东输工程段属于毛乌素沙地南缘与陕北黄土高原北缘的过渡地带,项目区生态环境状况不稳定。一旦沙地植被遭到破坏,风吹蚀与沙搬运的荒漠化过程就会迅速发生,从而形成流沙使生态系统退化或破坏。在详细介绍了沙地特征和生态环境特点的基础上,提出了相应的荒漠化防治和治理措施,以将项目区的生态尽可能恢复成原状或将其不良影响降到最低。     

土地整理的区域生态环境影响评价研究

开展土地整理是协调人地关系、实现耕地保护目标的重要途径之一。由于土地整理是对土地资源及其利用方式的再组织和再优化过程,是一项复杂的系统工程,其整理过程改变了地表生态系统,必然对生态环境造成影响。近年来,土地整理项目对所在区域产生的生态环境影响日益受到关注和重视。从生态学的角度来看,土地整理的实施必然产生相应的生态环境效应,对项目区及其背景区域的水资源、土壤、植被、大气、生物等环境要素及其生态过程产生诸多直接或间接、有利或有害的影响。综观当前的研究现状,对于这些影响尚缺乏定量化的评价标准、指标及方法。针对该领域的研究现状及应用需要,该文以生态学理论为基础,在特定的时空范围内,从生态系统层次上建立起由生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地侵蚀指数、土地适宜性指数组成的评价指标体系,确定了各项评价指标的详细内容及计算方法,在此基础上采用指数和法构建了生态环境状况指数（EI）模型,并制定了相应的评价标准。通过计算土地整理项目实施前后的EI进行比较分析,为定量化评价土地整理项目的区域生态环境影响提供了依据。该文结合山东宁阳县的土地整理实践进行了评价应用和检验,取得了较为理想的结果。该研究为土地整理区域生态环境影响的定量化评价进行了有益的探索。     

Proliferation of nonconforming land uses in agricultural envelope of urban Hong Kong

Until the late 1960s rural Hong Kong had an attractive rustic landscape and a small but active farming population. The recent widespread agricultural decline provided opportunities for urban-oriented activities to invade, mainly as open storage and workshops unsuitable in city areas. Rapid container-port expansion and cross-border China trade generate demands for cheap and accessible land for non-conforming uses (NCU). Rural development control and land-use planning are inherently weak, and formal provision for such uses is lacking. An unfavorable landmark court judgement allows landowners to degrade the countryside. The activities have caused acute environmental problems, telescoped into a small territory, including visual blight, pollution, drainage blockage, loss of wetland habitats, and increased flooding hazard. The distinction between urban and rural has been blurred in the destruction of the valuable countryside heritage. An interim legislative amendment fails to stop unauthorized conversion of farmland. In the long term, an integrated and comprehensive rural planning strategy to conserve inherent elements, as well as accommodating selected urban spillover in properly located and serviced sites, is needed.     

The Maintenance of Landscape Health in the Midst of Land Use Change

Land use design that recognizes the landscape attributes that characterize homeostatic health can emphasize them during land use change. The attributes of landscape health are the working mechanisms of all open systems, and can be observed in the homeostatic behavior of forests, deserts and floodplains. These attributes are openness, self-regulation, storage and diversity. The attributes of health comprise criteria for evaluating and guiding land use. To maintain landscape health, land use design can maintain and restore these mechanisms during change of moderate pace and scale.     

市场经济体制下的耕地经营制度：浅析耕地租赁制

本文分析了在市场经济体制下的耕地经营制度和存在的问题，探讨了耕地租赁制度的内容、优点及其对策。     

城市土地价值的演变过程

根据经济增长点（投资点）的区际变化关系，本文分析了城市土地价值的均衡增长与不均衡增长过程，揭示了城市土地价值的演变规律．     

苏南现代化进程中的遥感土地利用动态监测——以苏、锡、常地区为例

地少人多的广大苏南地区早在６０年代已形成了强大的经济实力,改革开放以来,乡镇企业的迅速崛起带动了地区经济的全面发展。随着苏南经济的迅速发展,土地开发和利用方式也发生了较大变化。人地矛盾、人与空间的不协调日益严重。改善投资环境、合理利用城市土地、促进苏南经济的持续、快速发展,必须更好地实现土地利用的动态监测。为了适应这种新的需求,本文以苏、锡、常地区土地动态变化研究为背景,采用人机交互式解译遥感图像,将多时相遥感信息进行复合,用地理信息系统软件进行分析处理并输出图件。并对苏、锡、常地区的土地利用动态变化特点、各类型变化情况进行了具体分析。实践证明,该方法是行之有效的     

THE NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT Environmental resources can be managed properly only by adopting a comprehensive approach. The whole environment must be considered as a single system, and prior to any action, all types of environmental impacts caused by it should be studied in detail. This paper underlines the close relationship between different environmental problems, analyzes existing management patterns, and proposes new alternatives whenever applicable. The different constraints, which have to be considered in the decision-making process while developing a plan, are also discussed. It is concluded that efforts neglecting the interaction among different aspects of the environment do not upgrade the quality of water, air, and land to any appreciable degree.     

THE COMPLETE DRAINAGE PROGRAM - MORE THAN AN ORDINANCE1

ABSTRACT. An ever increasing number of communities throughout the nation are being forced by Federal legislation and local pressures to adopt land use and control measures related to drainage and flood protection. In many instances communities are hastily adopting ordinances and regulations which later prove difficult to administer and enforce. In addition, many of these ordinances and regulations are not producing the results originally anticipated. This paper discusses the basic elements of a drainage ordinance and evaluates the role of the ordinance in a comprehensive drainage program. This evaluation is based on the results of a two year study of drainage programs in five urban areas which produced a model urban drainage ordinance and recommendations on the administration of the ordinance. Personal interviews and local documents are used as the data base in formulating conclusions and recommendations.