垃圾填埋场填埋气产生与迁移计算机模拟

准确预测填埋场内填埋气随时间和空间的变化规律,对填埋场的管理和填埋气的合理应用具有重要作用.以多孔介质流体动力学理论为基础,构建了填埋场中气体迁移转化过程三维模型.应用有限单元法和迭代法对模型的非线性方程组进行了求解,计算了填埋场中气体的压力分布情况.结果表明,填埋初期气压随深度和时间的增加而增加;而后气压随时间增加逐渐减小.     

生活废水中悬浮物对挥发酚测定的影响及其消除

针对用4-氨基安替比林直接光度法测定未经处理的生活污水中,预蒸馏后仍有悬浮物存在这一现象,进行了预处理后蒸馏和预蒸馏后用中速定量滤纸过滤的对比实验。结果证明预处理后蒸馏和预蒸馏后过滤均能达到消除悬浮物的目的。     

A mathematical model to estimate errors associated with closed flux chambers

Errors associated with the closed flux chamber technique, used to measure surface emissions from landfills, were investigated by using a combination of numerical modeling and laboratory studies. A transient-state, advective–dispersive–reactive model was developed and used in conjunction with its steady-state version to quantify the errors associated with closed flux chambers. In developing the model, all four major gases, CH₄, O₂, CO₂, and N₂, and the oxidation of CH₄ to CO₂ were considered. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a monolayered as well as a two-layered landfill cover system to calibrate and verify the model. The model was used to develop a plot of the percentage errors associated with closed flux chambers of different dimensions and surface flux rates.     

生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶分布及职业暴露风险评估

为探究生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶分布以及场区员工的职业暴露风险,在西安市某垃圾填埋场的6个功能区测定和分析了细菌气溶胶浓度、粒径分布和细菌活性,并运用风险商法评估场区员工的职业暴露风险.结果表明,生活垃圾填埋场细菌气溶胶浓度最高和最低值分别为渗滤液收集区（（5381±3875）CFU·m^-3）和生活办公区（（1227±204）CFU·m^-3）,不同季节细菌气溶胶浓度变化为：夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季.各采样点位于0.65~1.1 μm的细菌气溶胶浓度最低,小粒径细菌气溶胶比重由春季到冬季逐渐增大,各采样点细菌气溶胶的平均中值粒径均小于5.0 μm.流式细胞术分析结果显示,冬季不同采样点细菌气溶胶中活菌占比为74%~83%.细菌气溶胶职业暴露风险商均小于1,不同季节的暴露风险大小为夏季 > 秋季 > 冬季 > 春季,成年男性的职业暴露风险大于成年女性.     

垃圾渗滤液调节池工艺设计

分析了影响垃圾填埋场渗滤液产生量多少的因素,比较了渗滤液产量的计算方法,并通过工程实例计算了渗滤液产量及调节池容积,在调节池设计上采用了浮盖技术,以满足渗滤液预处理功能和控制蚊蝇滋生及臭气外逸,目的是便于有关人员在使用《生活垃圾卫生填埋技术规范》(CJJ17—2004)标准时能正确理解调节池设计规定。     

人工湿地系统在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

介绍了人工湿地的组成和类型,人工湿地去除渗滤液中有机物、氮、磷和重金属的机制。分析了影响人工湿地处理渗滤液效率的因子,并且结合人工湿地设计和运行维护提出了相关建议。根据国内外成功的工程实例,分析了人工湿地处理垃圾渗滤液的经济优势、生态优势,展示了该处理技术广泛的应用前景,对以后的研究进行了展望。     

深圳下坪填埋场渗滤液产生量预测研究

对垃圾填埋渗滤液产生量预测模型进行了比较，选择经验－合理式模型作为填埋场渗滤液产生量的预测模型。综合下坪垃圾填埋场不同汇水面积、降雨量和渗滤液量的现场实测数据，采用线性回归确定了模型参数，通过模型预测渗滤液产生量与现场实测渗滤液产生量的对比分析了本模型的精度和可靠性，从而为填埋场渗滤液产生量的预测及收集处理系统的设计、管理提供科学依据。     

Analysis of heavy metals and aromatics compounds in soil layers of a sanitary landfill

Solid waste presents the potential for contamination of the soil when it is improperly managed. One of the great challenges of today's society is to promote the proper disposal of municipal solid waste in order to guarantee the safety of public health and to avoid risks to the environment. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze the concentration profiles of heavy metals and aromatic hydrocarbons of risk that human health in landfill soil. Such works provides an important tool to evaluate the possible presence of contaminants from inappropriate waste disposal, as well as to assist in the management of waste and to prevent environmental contamination. In order to analyze cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg), which are toxic elements, and aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, and p‐xylene, soil samples were collected at different sites and depths. Neither Cd nor As was detected in any of the samples that were analyzed. Pb levels ranged from 5.34 milligrams per kilograms (mg/kg) to 7.40 mg/kg, Ni levels ranged from 2.17 mg/kg to 3.00 mg/kg, and Hg levels ranged from 75.4 micrograms per kilograms (μg/kg) to 88.3 μg/kg. The aromatic hydrocarbon compounds of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o‐xylene were below 5.5 μg/kg, and m‐, p‐xylene was below 11 μg/kg. The analysis of heavy metals and aromatic hydrocarbons present in the landfill soil showed concentrations below the soil quality guideline values of the Brazilian National Environment Council (CONAMA) Resolution 420, which has criteria for the presence of chemical substances in soil for Brazil. Therefore, the low levels of chemicals may be related to the operational time of the landfill or to the population profile of the municipality, which is predominantly composed of persons involved in family‐based agriculture.     

粘土作为垃圾填埋临时覆盖材料的探讨

通过对粘土作为临时覆盖材料的探讨 ,指出了粘土作为临时覆盖材料的缺点。并提出对现行垃圾填埋作业规范应作出相应的修改 ,以便使临时覆盖发挥更佳的经济效益和社会效益