Using Ecological Function to Develop Recovery Criteria for Depleted Species: Sea Otters and Kelp Forests in the Aleutian Archipelago

Abstract: Recovery criteria for depleted species or populations normally are based on demographic measures, the goal being to maintain enough individuals over a sufficiently large area to assure a socially tolerable risk of future extinction. Such demographically based recovery criteria may be insufficient to restore the functional roles of strongly interacting species. We explored the idea of developing a recovery criterion for sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in the Aleutian archipelago on the basis of their keystone role in kelp forest ecosystems. We surveyed sea otters and rocky reef habitats at 34 island‐time combinations. The system nearly always existed in either a kelp‐dominated or deforested phase state, which was predictable from sea otter density. We used a resampling analysis of these data to show that the phase state at any particular island can be determined at 95% probability of correct classification with information from as few as six sites. When sea otter population status (and thus the phase state of the kelp forest) was allowed to vary randomly among islands, just 15 islands had to be sampled to estimate the true proportion that were kelp dominated (within 10%) with 90% confidence. We conclude that kelp forest phase state is a more appropriate, sensitive, and cost‐effective measure of sea otter recovery than the more traditional demographically based metrics, and we suggest that similar approaches have broad potential utility in establishing recovery criteria for depleted populations of other functionally important species.     

噪声新标准应用探讨

本文对噪声新标准颁布后噪声标准体系组成,以及相互关系进行分析,并对标准应用、监测中遇到的一些问题进行探讨。     

汽车灯具检测常见问题分析

随着汽车工业的飞速发展,汽车车灯照明效果的检测越来越被加以重视。本文主要介绍了汽车灯具测试中的若干注意事项,并对汽车灯具认证中容易出现的不合格项目进行了分析,在汽车灯具检测领域中具有一定的参考价值。     

中小型锅炉烟气脱硫（VGD）的技术路线

概述了我国．当前SO2减排控制的紧迫性和重要性,以及中小型锅炉烟气脱硫的特点和脱硫技术现状。对几种适用的FGD工艺和主要装置形式进行了分析介绍;对中小型锅炉烟气净化处理的各种技术路线进行了讨论比较,并对它们的发展方向及脱硫工艺中存在的问题提出了建议。     

气相色谱法测定水和废水中氯乙烯方法的探讨

利用吹扫捕集测量水和废水中氯乙烯,其检出限低,为0．024μg／L,优于目前所用的《生活饮用水卫生规范》中推荐方法（1．0μ／L）,结果准确,操作快捷方便,无溶剂污染,干扰少,更能满足环境样品痕量监测的要求。     

电子产品高加速应力筛选的应用探讨

本文论述了电子产品高加速应力筛选试验的流程和方法,包括高加速应力筛选试验剖面设计和筛选验证等,并将该试验方法在某机载惯导产品进行了应用。这一方法对于其他机载电子产品的高加速筛选工作有一定的指导意义。     

基于典型道路谱的模拟运输振动试验方法研究

针对深圳某一路段使用美国Lansmont公司开发的SAVER环境应力记录仪记录汽车运输过程中的环境应力,利用相关处理软件整理分析数据,最后在实验室中的通过电磁振动台的随机振动模式来进行模拟重现从而实现“Fieldtolab”。该方法用短时间的实验室内试验来代替长时间的实际运输过程,不仅绿色环保,而且省时省力,是一种值得推广的试验方法。     

中国燃煤发电厂烟气脱硫技术及应用

我国的能源结构决定了燃煤火力发电在电力供应中的重要地位,其发电产生的SO2是环境污染的主要来源。烟气脱硫技术是控制燃煤工业SO2排放的重要途径,因其脱硫效率高、稳定性较好、成本较低等优点而在工业上得到了广泛的应用。概述了燃煤发电中烟气脱硫技术的最新进展,其中包括烟气脱硫技术的分类,以及几种主要的湿法、干法、半干法烟气脱硫技术的主要特点。对不同的烟气脱硫技术的优缺点也作了简单评述,并对新建电厂脱硫技术的选择进行了讨论。最后结合中国实际,烟气脱硫技术发展和应用中要注意的几个问题进行了讨论。     

Industrial applications of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites – challenges and opportunities

The growing industrial demand for sustainable materials has led to a paradigm shift in the focus from synthetic polymers towards natural fibres. This paper deals with the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites in various industrial applications. Natural fibres being biodegradable, light in weight, cost-effective and environment friendly are good candidate materials for modern industrial applications. Use of natural fibres in various industries with a focus on automotive and furniture industry has been discussed. The commonly used natural fibres in polymer composites including jute, hemp, sisal, kenaf, bamboo, cotton, flax, abaca, coir etc. have been dealt with in this paper. The literature revealed that tensile strength and other mechanical properties of these fibres are comparable to synthetic fibres like glass or carbon fibres. However, the temperature stability of polymers limits their extensive use and remains an issue to be addressed.     

废汽车尾气三元催化剂的回收利用研究进展

随着汽车行业的迅猛发展,中国的废汽车尾气三元催化剂(TWCs)产生量将越来越大。由于废汽车尾气TWCs中富含铂、钯、铑等铂族贵金属,对其的不合理回收和提炼,不仅导致稀缺贵金属资源的流失,还会造成严重的环境污染。从废汽车尾气TWCs的回收政策、回收体系和回收技术3个层面,分析了国内外相关国家的最新进展,指明了中国在废汽车尾气TWCs回收过程中亟待解决的问题,最后还提出了应对建议。