渔塘坝微地域中玉米硒的分布及其与土壤硒的关系

在渔塘坝０．０１ｋｍ＾２的微域内,玉米硒含量达到较高水平,其根,茎,叶,籽中的平均硒含量分别是４．３６±３．２７ｍｇ／ｋｇ,３．０８±２．２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,９．７４±７．６２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和８．０７±５．０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。渔塘坝中玉米硒分布类似土壤分布,也可分出相对低,中、高硒的分布区。     

广州及周边地区森林土壤As、Se、Hg质量分数特征及污染评价

研究了广州及周边地区5处代表性森林土壤（鼎湖山、西樵山、华南植物园、黄埔和南昆山）As、Se、Hg质量分数特征及污染状况。结果表明,上述5地森林表层土壤As质量分数平均值分别为18.6、18.0、12.2、11.4、26.1 mg.kg-1,Se质量分数平均值分别为0.360、0.729、0.286、0.421、0.434 mg.kg-1,Hg质量分数平均值分别为0.201、0.270、0.139、0.224、0.087 mg.kg-1。除植物园土壤Se质量分数、南昆山土壤Hg质量分数较接近背景值外,5林地As、Se、Hg质量分数均超过背景值,可能存在外源As、Se、Hg输入。其中,南昆山As输入,西樵山Se、Hg输入,黄埔、鼎湖山Hg输入较明显。单因子污染指数分析结果表明在南昆山As为最严重的污染物,而在鼎湖山、植物园、西樵山和黄埔Hg为最严重的污染物。综合污染指数分析结果表明5林地土壤均受到不同程度的污染,其中西樵山土壤属重度污染,南昆山、黄埔、鼎湖山属中度污染,植物园污染较轻,属轻度污染。     

中国几种土壤中的有机态硒及其分布特征

采用0.1mol/L NaOH-0.1mol/L Na_4P_2O_7浸提,活性碳分离技术研究了中国湿润半湿润地区几种土壤中有机态硒的化学特征.供试土壤有机态硒占全硒含量的百分数变幅为3.46％—59.86％,平均28.42％.影响有机硒含量的主要因素有全硒含量(r=0.8033)、有机碳含量(r=0.6618)、土壤交换性酸(r=0.6136)和pH(r=-0.5248)。土壤有机质的C/Se为0.58×10~6-42.93×10~6,平均为6.38×10~6.低硒环境土壤有机质的C/Se显著高于正常硒含量土壤.以平均计,胡敏酸结合态硒约占有机态硒的34％,富啡酸结合态硒占66％.缺硒土壤有机态硒中,胡敏酸结合态硒的比例一般都较高.     

海水中Se的分析方法

对国内外学者近些年来有关海水中Ｓｅ的测定方法（包括吕保存、富集分离方法及测定方法）作了较为系统的综述。对几种海水中痕量Ｓｅ测定的常用方法（原子吸收法、原子荧光法、阴极溶出伏安法等）作了重点的介绍，并对各种测定的发展历史，优劣进行了评价。     

贵州开阳地区富硒地层及风化土壤地球化学特征

通过对开阳地层和土壤调查,发现灯影组、牛蹄塘组等地层富集硒元素,由其风化而来的土壤也富硒。富硒地层同时还富集Mo、As、Cd、Sb、Ba、Co、Ni、Tl、V、Zn等元素,而相对缺Ag、Bi、Cr、Ga、Rb、Sr、Ta、Zr等元素;富硒地层风化形成的土壤中As、Ba、Cd、Co、Mo、Ni、Sb、Se、Tl等元素对基岩有明显的继承而富集;Pb元素则在基岩风化过程中流失而亏损;Cu、Sc、V、Zn元素在基岩风化后明显富集;而Ni、Co、Cd则具有对基岩的继承和后期风化富集的双重特征。研究表明该地区硒的富集是热水沉积、深部物质沿白马洞深大断裂迁移、热卤水的迁移混合,铀矿化以及大量硫化物的存在共同作用的结果。开阳富硒地层及风化土壤中稀土元素总量∑REE为66.61～609.13×10-6,LREE/HREE比值为1.17～5.40,(La/Yb)N=5.08～15.72>1,REE分布模式为右倾型,轻稀土段右倾明显,(La/Sm)N=1.43～7.44>1,为LREE富集型,重稀土段则相对平缓,(Tb/Yb)N=1.01～2.39。通过对微量、稀土元素的分析表明,富硒的黑色岩系形成于缺氧条件下的低温热水沉积环境。     

青菜中镉的吸收和累积对硒的响应规律

镉是一种有毒重金属,广泛种植的青菜却对镉有较强的富集能力.鉴于我国土壤的镉污染现状,消减青菜可食部位镉的累积有重要意义.硒可以调控植物对镉的吸收.通过3种青菜的水培硒、镉处理,以及硒影响下镉的吸收动力学,结果表明,3个浓度亚硒酸盐均使杭州油冬儿地上部镉含量显著降低50%左右;苏州青根和上海青的地上部镉含量则随硒水平提高而降低,但不显著.不同浓度亚硒酸盐可以降低青菜中镉转移系数,高浓度硒的抑制效果更明显; 50μmol·L~(-1)亚硒酸盐使杭州油冬儿和苏州青根的镉转移系数显著降低了50%左右.亚硒酸盐可以提高青菜中铁、锰的含量,50μmol·L~(-1)亚硒酸盐使杭州油冬儿地上部铁含量提高了1/2. 1 h吸收试验中,两种硒均显著提高了青菜对镉的吸收速率,并使V_(max)提高了100%以上.因此,硒可以降低青菜可食部位的镉累积,但此效果依赖于品种,而且主要来源于硒对镉在植物内转运的影响,而非根表的吸收竞争.     

Selenium Distribution in Topsoils and Plants of a Semi-arid Mediterranean Environment

Selenium was determined from 25 topsoils and 25 plants in the semi-arid Central Spain where large extents of soils are developed on evaporitic materials. Some species of vegetation associated with them are of the genera Astragalus, Salsola, Mercurialis, Phlomis, Thymus and Atriplex. Total selenium in soils was determined and its bioavailability assessed by chemical sequential fractionation. Se content in soils was adequate (in the range 0.17–0.39 mg kg⁻¹) or large (in the range 0.50–4.38 mg kg⁻¹) and appeared in highly and/or potentially available forms. Several plant species showed high Se levels (in the range 5–14.3 mg kg⁻¹), which can be a potential risk of toxicity to animals. Data obtained from the study area can be used as a guide to the range of values in soils and plants of the European Mediterranean area that are relatively unpolluted from industrial sources, allowing comparison with more polluted areas.     

Environmental behaviors of selenium in soil of typical selenosis area, China

Daba Mountain area is one of the two endemic selenosis areas in China,which may relate with the environmental behaviors of selenium (Se) in soil.This study focuses on the concentraion and distribution of Se and its relationships with some other elements in natural soil in the area.The average concentration of Se in Daba Mountain soils was 14.3 times higher than the value cited for natural soil background worldwide,suggesting that soils in the region were contaminated by the element.The finding was confir...     

SYNTHESIS OF DATA FROM STUDIES BY THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION WATER-QUALITY PROGRAM1

ABSTRACT: From 1986 to 1993, the National Irrigation Water-Quality Program (NIWQP) of the U.S. Department of the Interior studied whether contamination was induced by irrigation drainage in 26 areas of the Western United States. In 1992, a study to evaluate and synthesize data collected during these 26 investigations began. Selenium, boron, and molybdenum are the trace elements and DDT the pesticide most commonly found in surface water at concentrations exceeding chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life. In six of the areas, the median selenium concentration exceeded the criterion. Aquatic-life criteria have not been developed for uranium, but the median uranium concentration exceeded the proposed Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water in seven areas. A principal components analysis indicates that severity of selenium contamination is not related to the severity of contamination by boron, molybdenum, and arsenic. Arsenic, boron, molybdenum, and selenium concentrations are nearly the same in both filtered and unfiltered samples, which indicates that contaminant concentrations in filtered samples can be directly compared with biological-effects data developed using unfiltered samples. At a given site, selenium concentrations in surface water can change by an order of magnitude during the course of a year and from one year to another.     

淹水土壤中Se(Ⅵ)还原反应的机理及条件

通过红黄泥和紫潮泥两种土壤淹水培养和硒的价态测定结果表明：在450mV培养下，外加Se（Ⅵ）第1天有57．2％仍保持Se（Ⅵ)，23.4％还原为有机Se，培养过程中Se(Ⅵ）呈稳定态，有机Se则氧化成Se(Ⅵ），反应为准一级动力学方程；在175mV培养下，外加Se(Ⅵ）第1天有81．8％还原为有机Se,8.9％还原为有机Se,8.9％为Se(Ⅵ），培养过程中有机Se呈稳定态，Se(Ⅵ）则还原为Se(Ⅵ），反应符合动力学一级方程。土壤中Se(Ⅵ）／Se(Ⅳ）体系氧化还原反应的临界电位为71．4mV-206.1mV(pH7.0)，土壤pH上升1个单位，电位相应降低40．1mV.Se(Ⅵ)/Se(Ⅳ）体系在土壤氧化还原顺序中的反应次序居猛体系之后，与铁体系平行。