以吲哚为燃料的微生物燃料电池降解和产电特性

以铁氰化钾为电子受体,在两极阴阳室内使用碳毛刷纤维为电极材料构建了循环式微生物燃料电池(MFC),研究了以吲哚为单一燃料和吲哚+葡萄糖为混合燃料条件下MFC的产电特性以及对吲哚和COD的去除效果.结果表明,以1000mg/L葡萄糖+250mg/L吲哚为混合燃料时,MFC的最高电压和最大功率密度分别为660mV和51.2W/m3(阳极),MFC运行10h对吲哚和COD的去除率分别为100%和89.5%;分别以250,500mg/L吲哚为单一燃料时,MFC的平均最高电压分别为115,118mV,最大功率密度分别为2.1,2.3W/m3(阳极).在MFC中,250,500mg/L吲哚被完全降解的时间分别为6,30h.MFC能够利用吲哚为燃料,在实现高效降解吲哚的同时对外产生电能,可用于处理含有毒且难降解有机物的焦化工业废水.     

Electrochemical degradation of p-nitrophenol with different processes

The electrochemical degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) under di erent conditions was investigated. The electrochemical behavior of PNP and its reduction product p-aminophenol (PAP) on stainless steel cathode and Ti/Pt anode through cyclic voltammetry were observed. Electrochemical degradation process was performed in an undivided cell and 92% PNP was removed corresponding to a 22% total organic carbon removal. A divided cell was also used and it was found that PNP degradation was mainly attributed to cathodic reduction, while anodic oxidation was responsible for PNP removal due to the reaction with hydroxyl radicals and surface oxide generated on the anode. The sequential electrolytic processes, reduction-oxidation and oxidation-reduction, were compared in the divided cell. In the case of reduction-oxidation process, the total organic carbon removal reached 40%, but PNP removal was the same with the undivided cell. A black deposit was found in the e uent and identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a polymer of PAP produced by the 1,4-addition reaction of quinoneimine. Intermediates left in the solution such as hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone and PAP were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Whereas, the oxidation-reduction process proved unsatisfying.     

HPLC分离-氢化物发生-动态反应池-ICP/MS联用分析废水中砷形态

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分离水中不同的砷物种,将串联进入氢化物发生(HG)-动态反应池（DRC）-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HPLC-HG-ICP-DRC-MS)系统进行检测,由此建立了废水中砷形态的分析方法,并探讨了最佳测试条件,最后对宁波部分地区废水中砷形态分布规律进行了初步探讨.结果表明,以0.04 mol·L-1L半胱氨酸(L-cys)、0.132 mol·L-1NaBH4和体积分数2%的HCl作为氢化物发生器载液,以H2作为DRC-ICP-MS反应气,控制流速为1.5mL·min-1时,4种As物种都有最佳的氢化物发生效率,且其它金属离子对分析干扰可忽略不计,求得As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、单甲基砷（MMA）、双甲基砷（DMA）的检测下限（3倍噪音）分别为0.003、0.001、0.002、0.004 μg·L-1.此系统可成功测定废水中砷的形态.     

An evaluation of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of selected metals occurring in a wetland area on the volcanic island of Guam, Western Pacific Ocean

This initial research examined the presence, distribution and bioavailability of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn and Fe in a wetland area of southern Guam. The research sites are within an area covered with saporite, a soil type derived from volcanic deposits on the island. Leaf tissue of Pandanus tectorius was extracted and analysed to determine the bioaccumulation of the target metals. Metal accumulation at sites considered aerobic and anaerobic was investigated together with an attempt to correlate actual accumulation of the target metals in the plant tissue with a recognised bioavailability indicator, in this case, three step sequential extraction scheme. Manganese was found to be accumulated in relatively high concentrations and to a lesser extent Cu was also accumulated. Chromium, Ni and Fe however exhibited very low accumulation factors. Accumulation of Mn in particular was significantly a ected by aerobic conditions whereas the converse e ect was experienced by Cu. Significant correlation between various steps of a Sequential Extraction Scheme and actual accumulation was not achieved although the degree of aerobic conditions at each site and soil pH did a ect concentrations of metals extracted by di ering steps of SES. Results obtained suggest that further research in the area should be undertaken using di erent plant species and tissues.     

佳木斯市垃圾处理工艺的选择分析

通过对佳木斯生活垃圾的数量与特征进行分析,结合垃圾处理工艺的优缺点,探讨适合我市采用的垃圾处理工艺。     

纯菌株与混合菌株在MFC中降解喹啉及产电性能的研究

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)阳极微生物菌群组成与MFC产电性能有重要关系.从稳定运行了210 d以上,以200 mg.L-1喹啉为燃料的MFC阳极室分离提纯出4株兼性厌氧菌Q1、b、c和d,分别代表原MFC中所有4类不同菌落形态的可培养菌.16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,菌株Q1、c和d属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),菌株b属于伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia sp.).通过构建双室MFC,以200 mg.L-1喹啉和300 mg.L-1葡萄糖为混合燃料,以铁氰化钾为电子受体测定各菌株产电能力,结果表明菌株b、c和d均为非产电菌.产电菌Q1与非产电菌b、c、d复合产电电荷量依次为3.00、3.57和5.13C,库仑效率依次为3.85%、4.59%和6.58%,产电菌与非产电菌对燃料的降解利用存在竞争关系,使得复合菌产电能力比产电菌Q1单独时的产电能力差.在MFC中,非产电菌与产电菌复合产电时24h内对喹啉的去除率均可以达到100%,降解喹啉效果优于4株菌单独构建的MFC,即混合菌更有利于利用复杂碳源.GC/MS的测定结果表明,产电菌株Q1构建的纯菌MFC和原混合菌MFC周期结束时出水中存在的喹啉代谢产物均为2-羟基喹啉和苯酚.     

风力发电对滨州市的环境影响及对策初探

在分析滨州市风能资源和风力发电开发利用现状的基础上,叙述了风力发电开发对滨州市区域环境产生的环境影响。风力发电同其他发电方式相比,可以减少大气污染物的排放,减少对淡水的污染,带动周边经济的发展等正面的环境影响;同时在施工过程和运行过程也会对周边环境和生态产生负面环境影响,如阴影、噪音影响以及对鸟类的负面影响。在分析以上的基础上,为滨州市的风力发电开发提出有效的环境保护措施及相关的应对策略。     

以苯胺和葡萄糖为燃料的微生物燃料电池的产电特性研究

通过构建空气阴极型双室微生物燃料电池(Microbial FueI Cell,MFC),并以苯胺和葡萄糖为燃料,研究了MFC对苯胺的降解特性及MFC 的产电性能.结果表明,在1000Ω电阻下,500mg·L-1葡萄糖为单一燃料时,MFC的最大输出电压为440mV,最大输出功率密度为215mw·m-2.当苯胺的初始浓度为...     

微生物燃料电池利用甘薯燃料乙醇废水产电的研究

利用空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC)处理甘薯燃料乙醇废水,以COD为5000mg/L的废水做底物,获得的最大电功率密度为334.1mW/m2,库仑效率(CE)为10.1%,COD去除率为92.2%.实验进一步考察了磷酸缓冲液(PBS)浓度和废水浓度对MFC产电性能的影响.PBS含量从50mmol/L增加到200mmol/L,MFC输出的最大电功率密度提高了33.4%,CE增加26.0%,但PBS对废水的COD去除率影响不大.含50mmol/LPBS的废水COD从625mg/L增加到10000mg/L,COD去除率和MFC输出的最大电功率密度在废水浓度为5000mg/L处均获得最大值,但CE值有降低的趋势,从28.9%变化至10.3%.这些结果表明,MFC可以在处理甘薯燃料乙醇废水的同时获得电能;增大PBS浓度能提高MFC的产电性能;MFC输出的最大电功率密度随废水COD增加而增大,但废水浓度过高会引起酸化使MFC产电性能下降.     

湖泊沉积物有机质的连续提取与荧光光谱特征分析

采用化学连续提取与三维荧光光谱相结合的方法研究了蠡湖沉积物中可提取有机质的组成、结构和空间分布特征,并探讨了可提取态有机质组分与可交换态氮和弱吸附态磷之间的相关关系.结果表明,蠡湖沉积物中有机质含量为5.59~22.11 g·kg~(-1)(以C计),均值为12.28g·kg~(-1),其中水可提取态有机质(WSOM)、富里酸(FA)、胡敏酸(HA)和胡敏素(HM)的比例分别为5.14%、11.81%、9.63%和73.42%,空间上呈现由西向东逐渐递增,湖岸大于湖心的分布趋势.WSOM鉴别出3个荧光组分,以类氨基酸荧光峰(W-C1)占优势,占总荧光强度的比例为42.49%;FA鉴别出2个荧光组分,以富里酸荧光峰(F-C2)为主,比例为67.63%;HA的3个荧光峰中,以类胡敏酸荧光峰(H-C1和H-C3)为主,两者之和的比例为71.55%.多元回归统计表明,可提取有机质组分与游离态氮和易解析态磷含量之间均显著正相关,且与氮的相关性系数大于与磷,反映了可提取有机质与可交换态氮的关系更为密切,可用于指示沉积物生物可利用性氮磷的污染状况.