Phosphorus fractions and its release in the sediments of Haihe River, China

The amounts and forms of phosphorus (P) in surface sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, North China, were examined using a sequential chemical extraction procedure. Five fractions of sedimentary P, including loosely sorbed P (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive P (BD-P), metal oxide bound P (NaOH-P), calcium bound P (HCl-P), and residual P (Res-P) (organic and refractory P), were separately quantified. The results indicated that the contents of di erent P fractions in the sediments varied greatly. The total P (TP) contents ranged from 968 to 2017 mg/kg. Phosphorus contents in NH4Cl-P, BD-P, NaOH-P, and HCl-P ranged from 6.7 to 26.6 mg/kg, 54.5 to 90.2 mg/kg, 185.2 to 382.5 mg/kg, and 252.3 to 425.5 mg/kg, respectively, which represented 1.2%–3.2%, 7.7%–13%, 33.3%–48.9%, and 36.2%–54.2% of the sedimentary inorganic P, respectively. For all the sediment samples, the rank order of P-fractions was Res-P > HCl-P > NaOH-P > BD-P > NH4Cl-P. The highly positive relationship between the amounts of P released from the sediments and those in the NH4Cl-P and BD-P fractions, indicated that NH4Cl-P and BD-P were the main fractions that can release P easily.     

废弃线路板中重金属形态分布特征

通过BCR3态连续提取方法和Tessier 5步连续提取方法,对某废弃线路板中重金属的赋存形态进行研究.结果表明,BCR连续提取法对废弃线路板中重金属的提取率比Tessier连续提取方法高.废弃线路板中Cu、Pb、Zn和Ni各形态分布差别很大.BCR和Tessier连续提取方法结果均表明废弃线路板中Ni主要是以残渣态存在,对环境的污染风险小;而Pb和Zn主要以酸可提取态或者碳酸盐态和可交换态存在,在南方酸雨环境中容易溶出;BCR和Tessier连续提取方法对Cu的活性评价不一致,但是由于废弃线路板中Cu总量高,对环境的影响不可忽视.     

石煤砷的赋存形态对砷迁移释放的影响

高砷石煤燃烧是陕西南部秦巴山区砷中毒流行的主要因素,煤燃烧的砷释放过程不仅与砷元素化学性质、砷含量有关,也与砷赋存形态有关。文章利用连续化学浸提法对陕南石煤砷的赋存形态进行了分析,并探讨了各赋存形态对石煤砷迁移和燃烧释放率的影响。结果表明,高砷石煤砷主要以硫化物结合态存在,其含量占煤砷含量的75%以上;石煤燃烧的砷释放率与煤中残渣态砷有显著的负相关,相关系数为-0.773,P<0.01;煤砷溶出率与可交换态砷和硫化物结合态砷均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.983(P<0.05)和0.796(P<0.05)。     

硫酸盐还原菌修复污染土壤过程中镉的地球化学形态分布变化

利用Tessier五步连续提取法作为分析手段,研究了硫酸盐还原菌对不同污染程度土壤中镉的地球化学形态分布的影响.研究结果表明,在受镉污染的土壤中,可交换态是镉存在的主要形态.土壤中镉在硫酸盐还原菌的作用下,总量没有发生变化,但地球化学形态发生显著变化,从不稳定的可交换态转化为更加稳定的铁锰氧化物结合态,可交换态的去除率可达60%～80%;镉形态的变化使土壤中镉的生物町利用性发生了明显的变化,易利用态的比例明显下降,达到了修复效果.在修复过程中,镉对硫酸盐还原菌活性的抑制作用不同.利用硫酸盐还原菌修复重金属污染的土壤,具有修复效率相对较高、技术简便的优点,是一种有广阔应用前景的修复方法.     

Heavy metals partitioning in the sediments of Izmir Inner Bay

Izmir Bay is known to be polluted by high concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants.Sediment samples taken from 7 different stations in Izmir Inner Bay were analyzed for their total organic matter content and,Cu,Cr Pb and Zn.In addition,the chemical distribution of the metals were determined by means of the BCR(Community Bureau of Reference)Extraction Procedure (developed by European Commission for Standards,Measurement and Testing) which allows the determination of metals bound as four fractions;exchangeable and acid soluble,reducible(bound to iron-manganese oxides),oxidizable(bound to organics)and residual.The results show that Izmir Inner Bay contains sediments with high metal concentrations.According to the chemical distribution of metals,Cr and Cu tend to accumulate mostly on the organic fraction of the sediment.Pb is mostly found in the reducible fraction where Zn is mobile in the sediment,and it is distributed evenly on each fraction.     

Study of heavy metal speciation in branch sediments of Poyang Lake

This study concentrates on the environmental pollution level of sediments in the six branches of Poyang Lake, the biggest fresh water lake in China. This is the first systematic report on the speciation analysis of heavy metals （Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni） in the six branches of the lake. A reported analytical procedure involving a five-step sequential extraction is used for the partition of particulating heavy metals. The sediment samples are analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy （FAAS）. Experimental results obtained from five replicate samples of fluvial bottom surface sediments at the sampling points demonstrated that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure was generally better than 10% （Cd except）. The average extracted contents of the five elements, analyzed after all five steps, are found to be （mg/kg） for Cu： 26.89, Co： 16.25, Cd： 1.08, Pb： 37.98, and Ni： 20.46. The content of the exchangeable species was generally lower. Except Cu, the percentage of the species bond to organic matter was lower than 20%. The fractions containing the most metal for Cu, Co, and Ni were the residues （52.26%, 45.28%, and 74.82%, respectively）.     

L-半胱氨酸预还原-HG-AFS法测定原煤中总砷

采用L-半胱氨酸为预还原剂,建立了氢化物发生原子荧光法测定原煤中总砷的方法。考察了仪器条件、氢化物发生条件、L-半胱氨酸浓度对砷的荧光信号的影响,并进行了共存元素的干扰实验。结果表明,砷的检出限为0.22μg/L,相对标准偏差在0.87%左右。用标准参考物质煤飞灰对方法进行了验证,所得结果与标准参考值相符。本法测定原煤中的总砷含量,样品相对误差在0.73%~5.3%,结果满意。     

风力发电对江苏省的环境影响及对策初探

在分析江苏省风能资源和风电开发利用现状的基础上,叙述了风电开发对江苏省区域环境产生的环境影响。风力发电同其他发电方式相比,可以减少大气污染物的排放,减少对淡水的污染,带动周边经济的发展等正面的环境影响;同时在施工过程和运行过程也会对周边环境和生态产生负面环境影响,如阴影、噪音影响以及对鸟类的负面影响。在分析以上的基础上,为江苏省的风电开发提出有效的环境保护措施及相关的应对策略。     

中国风力发电公司融资模式探讨

在中国目前积极鼓励发展可再生能源产业前提下,风力发电产业面临着重大的发展机遇,风电产业发展对资金需求迫切。本文对中国目前风力发电公司的融资现实情况进行了分析,提出了风力发电公司应逐步改变目前主要依靠商业金融机构贷款这种融资方式,重点实施向政策性金融机构融资,通过上市等资本手段融资本,吸收私募股权投资,并运用CDM进行融资,实现融资渠道的多样化,降低融资成本,实现风力发电公司的利益最大化。     

可持续发展观中的和谐环境伦理意蕴

从把握可持续发展观中的和谐环境伦理意蕴入手,就找到了解读可持续发展观内涵的一个很好的突破口。可持续发展观内涵中具有丰富的和谐环境伦理思想。可持续发展观主张“人与自然的协调发展”与和谐环境伦理意蕴是趋同的;可持续发展观主张“经济发展与资源开发利用的协调发展”与和谐环境伦理意蕴是一致的;可持续发展观主张“人类世代永续长存”与和谐环境伦理是相符的;可持续发展观主张可持续发展应成为“全球性问题”与和谐环境伦理意蕴是相适应的。