Postural assessment in pen-and-paper-based observational methods and their associated health effects: a review

Introduction. This review describes standardized ergonomics assessment based on pen-and-paper observational methods for assessing ergonomics risk factors. Objective. The three main objectives are to analyze published pen-and-paper observational methods, to extract and understand the risk levels of each method and to identify their associated health effects. Methodology. The authors searched scientific databases and the Internet for materials from 1970 to 2013 using the following keywords: ergo, posture, method, observational, postural angle, health effects, pain and diseases. Postural assessments of upper arms, lower arms, wrists, neck, back and legs in six pen-and-paper-based observational methods are highlighted, extracted in groups and linked with associated adverse health effects. Results. The literature reviewed showed strengths and limitations of published pen-and-paper-based observational methods in determining the work activities, risk levels and related postural angles to adverse health effects. This provided a better understanding of unsafe work postures and how to improve these postures. Conclusion. Many pen-and-paper-based observational methods have been developed. However, there are still many limitations of these methods. There is, therefore, a need to develop a new pen-and-paper-based observational method for assessing postural problems.     

Protective clothing for pesticide operators: part I – selection of a reference test chemical for penetration testing

A systematic approach was taken to develop a database for protective clothing for pesticide operators; results are reported as a two-part series. Part I describes the research studies that led to identification of a pesticide formulation that could serve as a reference test chemical for further testing. Measurement of pesticide penetration was conducted using different types of pesticide formulations. Six fabrics were tested using 10 formulations at different concentrations. Three formulations were subsequently selected for further testing. Analysis of the data indicated that, when compared with other formulations, mean percent penetration of 5% Prowl 3.3 EC [emulsifiable concentrate diluted to 5% active ingredient (pendimethalin)] is either similar to or higher than most test chemicals. Those results led to choosing 5% Prowl 3.3 EC as a reference test liquid. Part II of the study, published as a separate paper, includes data on a wide range of textile materials.     

RGO/TiO2光催化降解2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸研究

通过Hummers法及紫外光/热还原工艺制得还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),采用溶胶-凝胶-煅烧法,以RGO和钛酸酊脂为前驱体制备出RGO/TiO2光催化复合材料,并利用XRD、FT-IR等对其进行了表征.对RGO/TiO2光催化降解性能的研究发现,复合光催化剂RGO/TiO2对2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的光催化降解活性显著优于纯TiO2,并且发现负载量和pH值对光催化降解性能有较大的影响:RGO/TiO2投加量为1.2g·L~(-1)、RGO负载量2%、pH为3、初始浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)反应12 h,2,4-D去除率达到98.75%;2,4-D降解率随着RGO/TiO2投加量的增大先增大后减小;RGO/TiO2对2,4-D的降解为脱氯还原和催化氧化过程,产生氯酚、苯酚等中间产物.     

滨海石化项目环境综合风险评估方法研究

研究针对国内目前的研究现状,运用环境风险评价指数法建立滨海石化项目环境风险评估体系,采用层次分析法和熵权法结合的组合赋权法,结合专家咨询法进行指标的修改与完善,运用线性加权组合法对评估体系中指标权重的赋值,并计算滨海石化项目的环境风险等级,确定项目的风险强弱.实例分析表明环境风险管理在环境风险的产生和预防占有十分重要的地位,通过加强和完善环境风险的管理体系,结合环境因素的敏感程度及风险源的产生和影响,能降低环境风险及事故的影响程度.     

重铬酸盐法测定水中化学需氧量影响因素探析

根据《水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》开展测定水中化学需氧量,对实验过程中试剂的纯度、配置的浓度;消解的温度、时间;实际水样的性质;水样取用量;分析者操作滴定过程等对测定结果的影响展开了分析和讨论.化学需氧量反映了水体还原性物质污染的程度,是实施污染物排放总量控制指标之一,水样中化学需氧量由于各种氧化剂种类加入的不同而获得不同的结果.重铬酸盐法是环境监测中常用的一种氧化还原滴定法.     

基于可持续发展的总量预算指标分配方法对比分析研究

阐述了总量预算指标分配的概念,结合环境容量承载水平和总量管理的实际,从理论上建立河南各省辖市可用于社会经济发展的总量预算指标分配模型.针对各分析方法的理论模型进行对比分析,确定合理的分配方案,为后续的实证研究和"十三五"时期河南省总量预算管理提供基础.     

基于观测数据空间化的北京市PM_(2.5)时空分异

PM2.5在地球表面上的变化是连续的,但由于地面海拔起伏和站点分布的相对稀疏,直接内插法很难顾及这种情况。文章运用反距离权重(IDW)、Kriging、经验贝叶斯克里金法(EBK)、多元回归+残差内插的综合空间化手段,对北京市2015年1月的PM2.5数据进行分析。结果表明:利用多元回归+残差内插方法空间化更优,且PM2.5存在显著的正局部空间自相关,中度以上污染主要分布在北京市东南部和房山区。时间上,PM2.5质量浓度逐时均值呈"W"型。3 h尺度上,PM2.5质量浓度与相对湿度和露点温度正相关,与能见度、大气压和风速负相关,与温度不相关。     

我国工业源PM_(2.5)源谱的建立方法及行业排放特征分析

介绍了目前我国工业源PM2.5源谱的建立方法及研究现状,通过对国内现有燃煤电厂锅炉、钢铁行业和水泥行业PM2.5源谱数据的汇总和分析,归纳了我国主要工业源PM2.5源谱的特征;从地域、生产工艺、工序、污染物控制措施对PM2.5源谱的影响研究,指出我国目前源谱建立存在的困难和问题,结合我国当前工业生产及环境需求,对我国工业行业建立PM2.5本土源谱提出了意见及建议。     

基于微信公众平台的地震信息发布研究

随着智能手机的普及、移动互联网的高速发展,微信公众平台依托多媒体图文推送、及时性、互动方便快捷等优势,在地震信息发布中扮演越来越重要的角色。为了提高地震政务微信服务的针对性和有效性,统计了57个已认证地震微信公众号,采用定性与定量相结合的方法,对于其发布信息的特点进行分析与归纳。给出了当前地震政务微信在内容上、发布形式上、互动性等多方面存在的问题。最后,针对地震微信公众平台的信息发布特点提出了对策建议。     

结构可靠性的概率设计法综述

摘 要：【目的】概率设计法是结构可靠性设计法的核心。【方法】结构可靠性设计法按其提出时基于的表述方式可以分为非概率设计法,概率设计法。【结果】概率设计法具备可靠高效地满足工程实际需求的能力,因而倍受研究人员青睐。【结论】综述了目前国际上结构可靠性设计法领域现有的概率设计法,讨论了具有代表性的概率设计法的形式、优缺点和适用范围,展望了概率设计法的发展趋势。