水体增温对浮游植物群落结构及其生态学特性影响的研究

本文对受河南平顶山姚孟热电厂温排水影响的白龟山水库的浮游植物群落的情况进行了野外调查,并在室内对浮游植物的群落结构及其生态学特征进行了模拟增温试验。试验结果表明:水体增温对水库浮游植物的种群组成、优势种的优势度、藻类密度和生物量均有影响。影响的程度与环境固有的水温及增温强度有关。室内增温模拟试验还表明:连续的增温对藻类的光合色素含量和光合作用强度均有影响。      

典型燃煤电厂机组二氧化碳排放测试及核算研究

为验证二氧化碳排放量的测试技术适用性及可行性,获取燃煤电厂机组碳排放特征,系统比较不同测试方法之间碳排放量的差异,对某典型火电机组二氧化碳排放开展测试,结果表明,不同测试原理及设备二氧化碳排放实测体积分数均较为接近。测试机组CO₂实测体积分数为11.28%～14.21%,与负荷变化呈一定的正相关关系,不同负荷下基准氧含量(体积分数6%)基本无变化。测试机组排放量与负荷正相关,使用了缺省值的指南排放量最高,与其他方法排放量相对偏差均值为31.6%;使用入炉煤实测数据的指南排放量差异不大,相对偏差为0.1%;使用入炉煤实测数据的2版指南排放量高于直接测量法,相对偏差均值为4.9%;直接测量各类方法间相对偏差均值为1.0%,其中在线法与手工法间相对偏差均值为1.2%。CO₂排放强度与负荷负相关,实验条件下,机组负荷越高,碳排放强度越低。     

Investigation of the Influence of Seagrass on Fisheries Catch Level Using Isotonic Regression

The relationship between seagrass area and the commercial catch of some economically important South Australian fish species is not known in any quantitative sense. However, there is evidence in the literature to suggest that seagrass decline will detrimentally impact on species abundance and composition, and consequently that the presence or absence of seagrass will compromise the commercial and recreational fishery. In this paper we describe the construction of models based on order restricted (isotonic) regression and discuss the role of seagrass area, in terms of its influence on the level of commercial catch through modifying the effect of fishing 'effort'.     

用EXCEL进行精密度-偏性分析质控数据处理

利用EXCEL强大的数据处理功能，可以方便地对精密度—偏性分析质控数据进行处理，具有较高的推广价值。     

Toxicity assessing for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.     

综合环境可靠性试验中加速度传感器灵敏度的修正

在综合环境可靠性试验中,加速度传感器的灵敏度会随不同的试验温度产生确定的、可逆的变化,而灵敏度的变化会导致振动控制系统产生系统误差.通过在不同温度下对传感器灵敏度的校准,获得了几种传感器灵敏度的温度变化特性,并提出了通过对变换器设置的传感器灵敏度进行修正,消除试验环境温度引起的系统误差的方法.     

小口径弹药筒失效分析

通过宏观观察、微观断口分析、成分分析、金相分析和磁粉探伤等方法对靶试后出现开裂的某小口径弹药药筒进行了失效分析.该药筒的裂纹处有明显的压痕,断口微观形貌韧性特征明显,药筒钢材的化学成分、夹杂物含量和显微组织均符合规定的要求,磁粉探伤表明其表面、近表面无缺陷.认为药筒表面的压痕是导致药筒开裂的主要原因.     

泥石流危险度测试模型与多传感器监测系统

为较准确地预测泥石流的发生,达到防灾减灾的目的,建立一种将多种传感器感知的动态监测信息与地质环境信息相结合的泥石流危险度预测模型。根据泥石流的形成条件和演化机理,量化研究发生泥石流的临界降雨强度、临界倾斜角和临界泥砂堆积层高度。基于该模型,设计并制作由雨量、倾斜、物位3种传感器组成的多传感器监控系统。分析和试验结果表明:该模型和监控系统具有预测泥石流危险度的功能,摄取的信息较全面,准确性更高,时效性更强,置信度较高。     

Numerical simulation of propane detonation in medium and large scale geometries

A modelling strategy has been developed for consequence analysis of medium and large scale gaseous detonation. The model is based on the solution of Euler equations with one-step chemistry. The Van Leer flux limited method which is a total variation diminishing scheme is used for shock capturing. Preliminary calculations were firstly conducted for small domains with fine grids which resolve the wave, relatively coarse grids which have less than 10 grids across the wave and coarse grids in which the minimum grid size is larger than the wave thickness to ensure that the reaction scheme has been properly tuned to capture the correct detonation pressure, temperature and velocity in the resolutions used in the different cases. The model was firstly tested against a medium scale detonation test in a shock tube with U-bends. Reasonably good agreement is achieved on detonation pressure and mean shock wave velocities at different measuring segments of the tube. Following the validation, the detonation of a hypothetical planar propane-air cloud is simulated. The predictions uncovered some interesting features of such large scale detonation phenomena which are of significance in the safety context, especially for accidental investigations. The findings from the present analysis are in line with the forensic evidence on damages in some historic accidents and challenges previous analysis of a major accident in which forensic evidence suggested localised detonation but was considered as the consequence of fire storms by the investigation team.     

施用农药人员的安全与防护——ASTMF2669《旋用农药人员用防护服性能标准》介绍

本文主要介绍了ASTMF2669-2009《施用农药人员用防护服性能标准》的分级和检测要求、防护服材料性能要求、材料的抗渗透性指标等,并就施药人员的安全与防护以及完善防护服标准体系提出建议．以为我国广大相关领域人员了解标准和应用标准提供帮助．