UNIVERSITY WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH AND STATE LEGISLATURES1

ABSTRACT: Societal trends indicate an increased need for university water researchers to develop and improve working relationships with state legislatures to help ensure that water related legislation is based on sound water resources information. Recommendations for providing technical support to state legislatures on water resources issues include: the necessity for researchers to take the initiative; the importance of researchers capitalizing on existing linkages; the need to maintain a continuous link between key legislators, legislative staff, and researchers; and the need for researchers to provide comprehensible information in a timely manner.     

NEW HAMPSHIRE WATER LAW: AN INTERPRETIVE OVERVIEW1

ABSTRACT: New Hampshire's riparian water law, first modified judicially, has been more drastically changed by recent legislative and administrative action. As it stands, however, the judicially enforced doctrine of reasonable use appears to be utterly inadequate to handle increasing water demands. The protection of the public interest has imposed substantial limitations on the use of riparian water rights, all under the guise of the exercise of the police power, i.e., the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare. The efficient use of the state's water resources has been further crippled by the widespread and indiscriminate exercise of eminent domain. As a result, the state is now considering the imposition of a permit system that has the potential to streamline the allocation of water. Such a system should take into consideration the public interest factors that have recently frustrated the exercise of riparian rights and the effective use of the state's water resources.     

江西洪涝灾害的时空分布规律

洪涝灾害是江西农业灾害的主要文种之一,也是全省农业及经济持续发展的重要制约因素之一．本文通过对全省８５个县（市）近５０ａ洪涝灾害资料的统计、对比和分析,揭示了江酉洪涝灾害的时空分布规律,为全省制定防洪减涝对策和措施提供了重要决策依据．     

1983年日本海中部大震前无震应变前兆的倍九天活动特征

介绍了倍九律的科学内函以及在地震预报实际应用中的几个主要方面；进而对１９８３年５月２６日日本海中部Ｍｓ＝７．７级大震前的无震应变前兆的倍九天特征进行了分析，同时探讨了倍九律在日本海地区预报强余震的可参考性。     

我国古建筑消防法规与技术规范发展现状研究

古建筑火灾会造成重大财产和文化损失,一直是我国消防工作中的重点和难点问题。我国古建筑消防相关法规与技术体系建设起步较晚,发展速度较慢。近年来我国文物保护部门与消防部门加强对古建筑消防法规与技术体系建设,颁布了一系列法规与规范,为我国古建筑消防事业发展提供了法律和技术依据。本文对我国古建筑火灾特点进行分析,阐述了我国古建筑消防法规与技术规范发展历程,并对其中存在制度单一,灵活性差;发展滞后,内容不完善;体系封闭,社会参与不足等问题进行了分析与探讨,为进一步研究提供了一定的参考价值。     

中美煤矿安全监察执法对比研究

我国煤矿安全生产事故呈现逐年大幅度下降的趋势,对比中美煤炭百万吨死亡率,显示,我国与美国相比还存在比较大的差距。继而,通过分析中美煤矿安全监察执法的特点,发现,中美在安全监察执法、职业培训、执法人员权责、煤矿监管监察技术方面存在不同,并针对这几方面提出了进一步完善我国煤矿安全监察工作的建议,可为完善我国安全监察执法体系提供参考和借鉴。     

Cross-sectional study of road accidents and related law enforcement efficiency for 10 countries: A gap coherence analysis

Objective: Road crashes are considered as the eighth leading causes of death. There is a wide disparity in crash severity and law enforcement efficiency among low-, medium-, and high-income countries. It would be helpful to review the crash severity trends in these countries, identify the vulnerable road users, and understand the law enforcement effectiveness in devising efficient road safety improvement strategies.

Method: The crash severity, fatality rate among various age groups, and law enforcement strategies of 10 countries representing low-income (i.e., India and Morocco), medium-income (i.e. Argentina, South Korea, and Greece), and high-income (i.e., Australia, Canada, France, the UK, and the United States) are studied and compared for a period of 5 years (i.e., 2008 to 2012). The critical parameters affecting road safety are identified and correlated with education, culture, and basic compliance with traffic safety laws. In the process, possible road safety improvement strategies are identified for low-income countries.

Results: The number of registered vehicles shows an increasing trend for low-income countries as do the crash rate and crash severity. Compliance related to seat belt and helmet laws is high in high-income countries. In addition, recent seat belt– and helmet-related safety programs in middle-income countries helped to curb fatalities. Noncompliance with safety laws in low-income countries is attributed to education, culture, and inefficient law enforcement.

Conclusion: Efficient law enforcement and effective safety education taking into account cultural diversity are the key aspects to reduce traffic-related injuries and fatalities in low-income countries like India.     

黑龙江省环境保护“十三五”时期面临的形势研究

“十三五”是全面实现小康社会的关键时期,黑龙江省环境保护面临经济发展进入新常态、“龙江丝路带”战略实施、能源结构调整优化等带来的机遇,同时也面临着经济欠发达且下行,污染治理更加艰巨;环境短板突出,化解难度大;社会关注度增强,改善环境质量的压力增大等方面的挑战.“十三五”时期,全省应把握好新形势下黑龙江省环境保护面临的机遇与挑战,以改善环境质量为核心,补齐环境短板,编制好环境保护“十三五”规划,为黑龙江省全面实现小康社会奠定良好的环境基础.     

Addressing Declining Appropriations for Bureau of Reclamation Infrastructure: Policies Needed for Enabling Private Finance

Western water infrastructure was funded in the early and mid‐20th Century through federal financing through the Bureau of Reclamation. Over the past 30 years, federal financing has been less forthcoming, which has been commensurate with an increase in the need for financing rehabilitation and replacement of western irrigation infrastructure. As federal appropriations have declined, there has been increased interest in alternative approaches to infrastructure including public–private partnerships (P3s), loan guarantees, or title transfer of federal infrastructure. However, two of these approaches — P3s and loan guarantees — are precluded by existing federal budgetary policies, particularly Office of Management and Budget (OMB) scoring practices. If the OMB changed its policies for P3s or loan guarantees, private capital could play an important role in recapitalizing aging Reclamation infrastructure.     

Institutional quality effects on separate waste collection: some evidence from Italian provinces

Separate waste collection in Italy comes under the responsibility of local authorities, provinces, while national laws set quantitative targets to be achieved over time. Overall, just a few provinces have reached the thresholds set by the latest law (Legislative Decree 152/2006) and some territorial differentiation has been detected. The aim of this paper is twofold: to verify the effectiveness of Legislative Decree 152/2006 in promoting higher levels of separate collection and to test whether institutional quality (considering the following indicators: voice and accountability, regulatory quality, rule of law and corruption) affects provinces’ efficiency in the separate collection process. For this purpose, we implement the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Results suggest that the effectiveness of Legislative Decree 152/2006 has been affected by provinces’ institutional quality. In particular, the presence of institutional constraints did not allow the most virtuous provinces to achieve the targets set by law.