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51.
为研究大气细颗粒物污染对哮喘门诊就诊的短期影响及各人群的易感性差异,收集杭州市某医院2013年1月1日至2015年12月31日哮喘门诊(含急诊)资料,以及同期空气污染数据和气象数据,考虑到污染物浓度与呼吸系统疾病就诊人次及气象因素之间的非线性关系,采用时间序列广义相加模型及分层分析的方法研究空气污染对哮喘影响的滞后效应及人群按性别、年龄分层的易感性差异,对平均温度、平均相对湿度及长期趋势等采用自然立方样条函数进行平滑拟合,同时用哑元变量控制星期几效应和节假日效应的影响.在P=0.01水平下PM_(2.5)、NO_2、SO_2之间均呈显著的正相关性,而气温与3种污染物之间呈显著的负相关性.PM_(2.5)日均浓度每升高10μg·m~(-3),对哮喘就诊人次影响的相对危险度(relative risk,RR)在滞后5d达到最大值,为1.005 6(95%CI:1.002 1~1.009 1),且具有统计学意义(P0.05).在男性人群和18~64岁人群中,细颗粒物浓度对于哮喘就诊人次的影响在滞后3~5 d的RR值均具有统计学意义,在女性人群和≥65岁人群中,在滞后5 d时RR值均具有统计学意义.在多污染物模型中,引入NO_2的影响后PM_(2.5)对哮喘就诊人次的影响在滞后5 d时的RR有所提升.杭州市PM_(2.5)浓度的升高可能会造成3~5 d内哮喘门诊就诊人次的增加,且对男性人群和老年人群影响更为明显. 相似文献
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风险污染物短期高剂量暴露下的生态风险评估方法 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
水污染事故的短期高剂量暴露造成的急性生态危害及水生生物安全问题成为人们研究的重点,但我国以往的水污染事故,多采用地表水环境质量标准和生活饮用水卫生标准来判断水体是否安全,缺乏对水生生物保护的安全效应阈值或风险值.国外在水生生物保护方面,虽然限定了一些风险污染物对水生生物的安全效应阈值或称为无效应阈值或风险值,但其无效应阈值的计算是基于长期暴露下的慢性毒性值,其生态风险值也是基于长期暴露下的风险,缺少对水污染事件短期高剂量暴露下化学品的阈值限定及风险评估.本研究结合常规生态风险评价的理念及美国EPA短期暴露情况下保护水生生物基准值的制定方法,探讨了水污染事件的短期高剂量暴露情况下风险污染物的生态风险评价及生态效应阈值的计算方法,并进行了实例应用,同时对建立我国水污染事故生态风险评估方法体系提出了建议. 相似文献
53.
Pollution of hazardous elements in roof runoff has been a potential danger to aquatic ecosystem as documented in previous studies. In this study, concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in roof runoff were measured for short-term rainfall events. The concentrations of the selected elements varied to a high degree during the rainfall period, and the well-known first-flush phenomenon was not observed due to the short-term rainfall patterns. Based on event mean concentrations (EMCs) and fluxes, the elemental pollution may be ranked as Zn >> Pb > As > Cd. The average levels of Pb and Zn exceeded the fourth class value and fifth class value of the environmental quality standards for surface water in China. The relative high pollution could be caused by atmospheric deposition and the erosion of crust steel appurtenance installed above the rooftop. Furthermore, elements in particulate form dominated the roof runoff pollution, and the ratios of elements in particulate form to total amounts were 0.6 (As), 0.9 (Pb), 0.7 (Cd), and 0.5 (Zn). This study cleared the pollution characteristics of hazardous elements in short-term storm water roof runoff; it was useful for the selection of best management practices. 相似文献
54.
Jingjing PENG Hong LI Jianqiang SU Qiufang ZHANG Junpeng RUI Chao CAI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(4):559-567
Pyrene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compound produced mainly from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, is hazardous to ecosystem health. However, long-term exposure studies did not detect any significant effects of pyrene on soil microorganism. In this study, short-term microcosm experiments were conducted to identify the immediate effect of pyrene on soil bacterial communities. A freshly-collected pristine red soil was spiked with pyrene at 0, 10, 100, 200, and 500 mg·kg-1 and incubated for one day and seven days. The bacterial communities in the incubated soils were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods. The results revealed high bacterial diversity in both unspiked and pyrene-spiked soils. Only at the highest pyrene-spiking rate of 500 mg·kg-1, two minor bacteria groups of the identified 14 most abundant bacteria groups were completely suppressed. Short-term exposure to pyrene resulted in dominance of Proteobacteria in soil, followed by Acidobacteria, Firmutes, and Bacteroidetes. Our findings showed that bacterial community structure did respond to the presence of pyrene but recovered rapidly from the perturbation. The intensity of impact and the rate of recovery showed some pyrene dosage-dependent trends. Our results revealed that different levels of pyrene may affect the bacterial community structure by suppressing or selecting certain groups of bacteria. It was also found that the bacterial community was most susceptible to pyrene within one day of the chemical addition. 相似文献
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56.
As inequality in wealth and income continues to grow, it is important to consider the implications of financial disparities for worker motivation and behavior. While workers with socioeconomic disadvantages have a decreased chance of career success and upward social mobility, the potential mechanisms linking financial status to work motivation outcomes are not fully known. Drawing on theory on resource scarcity, we address this issue and propose that financial inadequacy shapes the extent to which workers consider and plan for the future, with consequences for goal-striving strategies throughout adulthood. Latent change analyses of data from a heterogeneous sample of 4,446 working adults largely supported the hypotheses. Results showed that a high level of financial inadequacy predicted increases in short-term time horizon and decreases in future-oriented planning, which then predicted disadvantageous changes in goal-striving strategies over an 18-year period. Short-term time horizon also predicted subsequent increases in financial inadequacy. By highlighting the motivational challenges associated with inadequate finances that accompany low-wage employment, our study offers evidence for the motivational mechanisms that may reinforce economic inequality and social mobility in the workforce. 相似文献
57.
在当前水质数据急剧增加的背景下,为了挖掘水质时间序列中的更多信息,提升水质预测的精度,构建了基于缺失值填补算法和长短时记忆网络(LSTM)相结合的水质预测模型。通过缺失值填补算法进行水质数据的缺失值处理,利用LSTM网络分别构建不同水质参数的预测模型,以太湖水质监测数据为样本,对模型进行检验。结果表明,基于缺失值填补算法-LSTM的水质预测模型适应性强,相较传统SVM、BP神经网络、RNN、LSTM模型预测精度更高,对水环境保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
58.
为考察填料式厌氧折流板反应器(CABR)处理分散式生活污水抗短期有机负荷冲击的稳定性,从宏观运行性能、中间产物累积以及微观微生物活性3个层次来研究不同温度下短期有机负荷冲击对CABR运行性能影响。结果表明:宏观运行性能指标TCOD沿程变化曲线在28℃时受到有机负荷冲击仍呈现"L"型,容积负荷去除率也由基准条件下0.27kg/(m3.d)提高至0.73 kg/(m3.d),但随温度的下降,沿程曲线逐渐接近"/"型,容积负荷去除率的增加幅度也逐渐变小。中间产物积累指标中VFA/碱度比值小于0.11~0.14时,TCOD去除率可达80%以上;SMP/SCOD比值沿水流方向呈上升趋势表明CABR抗负荷冲击性能较佳。而微观微生物酶活性受基质浓度提高的促进效应和温度下降的抑制效应相互作用表现各异。总体而言,在高温(28℃)条件下,分散式生活污水的有机负荷冲击不会对CABR出水造成显著影响,但在中温(18℃)和低温(10℃)条件下,CABR抗有机负荷冲击的稳定性随温度的下降而下降。 相似文献
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