UV-B辐射增强对壶状臂尾轮虫种群增殖的影响

运用群体累计培养的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)种群增殖的影响.结果表明:UV-B辐射增强对壶状臂尾轮虫的种群数量、雌体抱卵率和种群增殖率都有显著影响(P<0.05).实验表明,在本实验辐射强度(20μW/cm2)和剂量范围内(0.24、0.48、0.72、0.96和1.20kJ/m2),壶状臂尾轮虫的种群数量和种群增殖率均以对照组最高,各UV-B辐射处理组则随UV-B辐射剂量的增大而呈一致性减小,说明该种群的种群数量和种群增殖率随UV-B辐射的增强显示一致性的影响,两者都可以作为大气UV-B辐射强弱的生物指标.     

Coupling effects of the explosion shock wave and heat radiation on the dynamic response of a fixed-roof tank

The occurrence of leakage in large tank farms or oil deposits can lead to fire or explosion accidents. Coupling effects of fire and explosion loadings can cause considerably more damage to adjacent tanks or buildings than either loading individually does. In this study, the combined loadings of the explosion shock wave and heat radiation from a pool fire on a neighboring empty fixed-roof tank were numerically investigated. The effects of the explosion shock wave intensity and relative height of the explosion center [the ratio of the height of the explosion center to the height of the tank (h_r)] were analyzed. The results indicate that tanks damaged by explosion shock waves have decreased fire resistance and critical buckling temperature. Moreover, the thermal buckling deformation of the predamaged tank largely depends on the explosion shock wave. With an increase in the explosion shock wave intensity or a decrease in h_r, the explosion shock wave has greater influence on the fire resistance of the tank, and the critical buckling temperature decreases. This paper can provide an understanding of the dynamics of a tank under explosion shock wave loading, and of the critical failure criterion and failure modes of a target tank under the coupled loading of the explosion shock wave and an adjacent pool fire.     

新疆某煤制气矿井氡析出的辐射环境影响研究

为了了解某矿井氡析出对周围环境的影响,通过对矿井井上、井下环境氡浓度调查与测量,运用计算公式和UAIR-FINE软件,估算工作人员年附加受照剂量,模拟氡排放对周围20 km范围内各子区的氡浓度贡献值分布、公众个人剂量分布.结果表明,矿井生活环境氡浓度基本处于环境本底和限值以内,井下部分区域氡浓度略高,需采取补救行动;工作人员年附加受照剂量基本处于全国煤矿地下工作人员平均剂量水平;煤田矿井氡排放对周围20 km范围内公众的影响可以忽略.     

Comparisons and critical assessment of global and diffuse solar irradiation estimation methodologies

Defining better methodologies of accurate predictions of the amount of monthly mean daily global and diffuse solar irradiation exposed is of utmost importance in order to determine the potential for utilizing the solar energy. This study compares and discusses the main methodologies, databases, and software that are used in estimating the solar irradiation to be used for the short- and long-term performances and feasibilities of solar energy systems, especially photovoltaic power plants in Turkey, and addresses the best one to be used to make the most accurate estimations. The comparisons are carried out between the recent methodologies developed by the authors, some models taken from the related literature that are concluded to be better, a widely used database, namely Meteonorm, and a widely used software, namely EU PVGIS. The reference data to develop the methodologies and to make comparison are provided from the State Meteorological Service of Turkey, which is the responsible body in Turkey to make measurements of solar irradiation. The comparisons are based on monthly mean daily values of global and diffuse solar irradiation and are carried out by statistical errors: mean bias error and root mean square error. The results showed that the methodology developed by the authors has shown better performances in estimating the monthly mean daily global and diffuse solar irradiation amount for Turkey.     

红外辐射大气透过率研究综述

随着红外技术的不断发展和在军事上的广泛运用,红外辐射在大气中的传输研究越来越受到关注.大气透过率是研究红外辐射传输的重要参数.基于红外辐射大气传输的基本理论结合近年来国内外的研究成果,从理论研究和软件平台2个方面对计算大气透过率的研究进展进行了综述,并探讨了复杂气象条件对大气透过率的影响,最后进行了总结和展望.     

太阳跟踪反射聚光户外加速试验研究

太阳辐射是引起有机材料老化的最主要原因.由于拉萨高原地区的太阳辐射年总量比内地同纬度高出约1倍,在拉萨进行有机涂层样品的户外暴露试验,其老化速度可大大提高.通过在拉萨试验站对4种常用的有机防护涂层开展太阳跟踪反射聚光户外加速试验和自然暴露试验对比研究,优选出了环境适应性好的材料,并验证了其加速性.     

浅谈环境污染中的计算机电磁辐射

计算机已经成为人们日常工作、生活所必不可少的重要工具.然而计算机在运行时,发出的电磁波不利于人体健康.如何防止和降低计算机的电磁辐射是计算机用户应该关注的重要问题.     

云对太阳紫外辐射的影响

云对到达地面的太阳紫外辐射有着重要的影响,根据在香河综合观测站１年的观测资料,利用相关分析,得到了计算云天条件下太阳紫外总辐射的一种经验公式,计算结果比较令人满意。对阴天太阳紫外总辐射的减弱作了简单的分析。     

兰州冬季城市烟雾层辐射效应的观测分析研究

冬季兰州城市上空形成浓厚的烟雾层。利用1990年11月兰州大学和离城市地面625m高南山顶的辐射和探空资料,分析和计算了烟雾层的辐射效应。兰州城市烟雾层具有浑浊度系数大波长指数小的特点。对到达地面的太阳辐射有很强的削弱。浑浊度系数最大时,烟雾层内的平均加热率为6.16℃/d,。大气层对各波段的消光强弱不同,对可见光削减最大。同时烟雾层使到达兰州地面的大气逆辐射比南山顶增加5.2％,总的入射辐射比南山顶小5.6％,地面辐射差额比南山顶小67.8％。烟雾层的存在增加了城市边界层的稳定性。     

UV-B辐射增强对小麦籽粒化学组分的影响

在自然光照射条件下 ,研究了UV B辐射增强对小麦籽粒中可溶性糖、淀粉、赖氨酸、蛋白质等化学组分及其相互转化的影响 .结果表明 :增加 0 2 5W·m- 2 的UV B辐射使灌浆期的小麦籽粒中可溶性糖含量显著高于对照 ,淀粉含量变化幅度增大 ,赖氨酸含量下降速度较快 ,成熟期总蛋白质含量增加 .增加 0 75W·m- 2 的UV B辐射能降低成熟籽粒中可溶性糖和淀粉的含量 ,增加赖氨酸及总蛋白质的含量 .