大学生受电脑电磁辐射的研究

为了研究大学生受电脑电磁辐射的实际状况,采用EMR300电磁辐射分析仪,对电脑电磁辐射在100kHz～3GHz的电场强度值(V/m),进行了实验室研究性监测和宿舍、机房内的现场监测.监测的结果表明:宿舍中心处电磁辐射环境强度(100kHz～3GHz频率范围内的综合电场强度)低于0.5V/m;距离显示器屏幕前方0.4m以上操作电脑,则眼睛处辐射强度在安全值内.而目前,机房内台式电脑按行紧密摆放,前排电脑操作者后脑正对后一排电脑显示器突出的后部处,在后脑处辐射强度可超过10V/m;此外,学生宿舍空间拥挤,鼠标、键盘通常与显示器近距离摆放在一起,造成显示器辐射与键盘、鼠标自身辐射叠加,导致在键盘和鼠标处手掌受到的辐射强度大,不容忽视.     

WCDMA基站电磁辐射对周围环境的影响分析

随着移动通讯技术的发展,人们在享受移动通信技术带来的便捷服务同时,也在担忧通信基站产生的电磁辐射对人体健康的影响。采用选频监测仪器,对WCDMA基站在正常工作状态和最大发射功率状态下天线轴向不同距离上的功率密度进行监测,并通过理论计算进行验证,分析WCDMA基站对周围环境的影响。     

广州地区紫外辐射特征和模式对比分析

根据中国气象局广州热带海洋气象研究所的紫外观测数据,研究了广州的紫外辐射季节变化,结果表明,2005年和2006年广州各月份紫外辐射强度的极值的最大值都出现在7月,2006年的达到了55.48W/㎡,极值的最小值也都出现在1月,2005年最小只有23.17W/㎡.利用NCAR(美国大气研究中心)的TUV模式,模拟研究了2005年11月16~29日一次从清洁到灰霾过程的典型个例,模拟的结果与实际观测基本一致,模式研究表明,在污染较轻时,TUV模式能够很好的模拟晴天紫外辐射的日变化,模式与实测之间有约7%~15%的误差. 随着污染的加剧,模式的偏差也变大.气溶胶对紫外辐射的影响相当大,在气溶胶污染严重时可使紫外辐射降低40%,气溶胶对紫外辐射的短波谱也有较大的影响,随着污染的加重,对紫外辐射的短波衰减会加强.     

微波辐照作用对颗粒煤瓦斯解吸特性影响实验研究

为了研究微波场连续-间断辐照作用对颗粒煤瓦斯解吸特性的影响,通过自制的实验装置,分析研究了微波连续-间断作用10 ,20 ,40 s及无微波作用下的构造煤颗粒瓦斯解吸量及解吸速率变化规律,并采用水浴加热装置模拟微波产生的热效应,研究了微波热效应在促进煤粒瓦斯解吸中的影响。实验结果表明:在微波连续作用时间内,瓦斯解吸量和解吸速率均迅速增大,然而随着时间的延长衰减较快,最终瓦斯解吸量趋向于一定值,微波连续-间断辐照作用下的瓦斯解吸量是无微波加载作用下的1.83～3.93倍;微波产生的热效应对瓦斯解吸影响较为显著,权重达82%以上,然而其非热效应的影响也不可忽视。实验方法与结果可望为促进构造瓦斯解吸、降低煤层突出危险性提供参考。     

UV-B辐射增强对麻花艽叶片光合作用及相关生理参数的影响

采用20 W和40 W的UV-B灯辐射增强处理,测定分析了UV-B辐射增强对麻花艽(Gentiana straminea Maxim)叶片净光合速率及相关生理参数的影响. 结果显示:2008年8月3日,研究区大气温度从09:00开始上升,到14:00达到最高点,叶温和大气饱和水气压变化与气温变化趋势相似;光合有效辐射强度从07:00开始上升,至13:00达到最高,之后下降;麻花艽叶片净光合作用速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(E)和水分利用效率在对照下最高,在40 W UV-B辐射下最低;P_n在08:00—10:00最高,G_s在07:00—08:00最高,C_i在日出及日落时最高,E在09:00—13:00及14:00—18:00最高,水分利用效率在日出后最高;P_n与G_s,叶片温度,大气温度,光合有效辐射和大气饱和水气压亏缺呈正相关,与C_i呈负相关,与光合有效辐射强度的相关系数较高. P_n在光合有效辐射强度为0～800 μmol/(m2·s)时随光合有效辐射强度增加而增加,在2 200～3 000 μmol/(m2·s)时变化不大;G_s和E随光合有效辐射强度的增加而增加;C_i在光合有效辐射强度为0～800 μmol/(m2·s)时,随光合有效辐射强度的增加而呈下降趋势;水分利用效率在光合有效辐射强度为0～800 μmol/(m2·s)时随光合有效辐射强度的增加而呈增加的趋势,在800～3 000 μmol/(m2·s)时呈下降趋势. 说明UV-B辐射增强将使高寒草甸植物叶片P_n,G_s,C_i,E和水分利用效率降低.      

Simulation of Reflected and Scattered Laser Radiation for Designing Laser Shields

This paper presents a computer simulation of reflected and scattered laser radiation for calculating the angle of laser shields performed with the Laser Shield Solver computer program. The authors describe a method of calculating the shield angle for laser shields which protect workers against reflected and scattered laser radiation and which are made from different materials. The main assumptions of the program, which calculates and simulates reflected laser radiation from any material and which can be used for designing shield angles, are presented. Calculations are compared with measurements of reflected laser radiation. The results for one type of laser and different materials which interacted with a laser beam showed that the Laser Shield Solver was an appropriate tool for designing laser shields and its simulations of reflected laser radiation distribution have practical use.     

Occupational Exposure to Natural UV Radiation and Premature Skin Ageing

The skin is the part of the human body most vulnerable to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The spectrum of the negative effects of UV radiation on the skin ranges from acute erythema to carcinogenesis. Between these extreme conditions, there are other common skin lesions, e.g.,photoageing. The aim of this study was to assess the skin for signs of photoageing in a group of 52 men occupationally exposed to natural UV radiation. There were 2 types of examinations: an examination of skin condition (moisture, elasticity, sebum, porosity, smoothness, discolourations and wrinkles) with a device for diagnosing the skin, and a dermatological examination. The results of both examinations revealed a higher percentage of skin characteristics typical for photoageing in outdoor workers compared to the general population.     

Analytical Study of the Heat Loss Attenuation by Clothing on Thermal Manikins Under Radiative Heat Loads

For wearers of protective clothing in radiation environments there are no quantitative guidelines available for the effect of a radiative heat load on heat exchange. Under the European Union funded project ThermProtect an analytical effort was defined to address the issue of radiative heat load while wearing protective clothing. As within the ThermProtect project much information has become available from thermal manikin experiments in thermal radiation environments, these sets of experimental data are used to verify the analytical approach. The analytical approach provided a good prediction of the heat loss in the manikin experiments, 95% of the variance was explained by the model. The model has not yet been validated at high radiative heat loads and neglects some physical properties of the radiation emissivity. Still, the analytical approach provides a pragmatic approach and may be useful for practical implementation in protective clothing standards for moderate thermal radiation environments.     

水体汞光还原研究进展

汞的光还原是影响水生系统汞迁移转化的重要过程.光还原产生的溶解性气态汞会通过水气界面向大气挥发.该过程可以减轻水体汞负荷,降低汞被甲基化的风险,对全球汞循环具有重要意义.水生系统中汞的光还原过程十分复杂,影响因素较多,是汞环境地球化学行为研究的重点和热点.目前科学家在这方面已做了大量研究,但许多结论与建议还存在争议,对其还原机制也还不清楚.本文总结了近年来水体汞光还原过程的研究进展;分析了水生系统中影响汞光还原过程的主要因素;评述了水汞光还原研究存在的问题;提出了水体汞光还原的研究焦点与方向.     

Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of phenol by introducing ferric ions and UV radiation

The mineralization of phenol in aerated electrochemical oxidation has been investigated.The results show that a cathodic Fenton process can occur when the Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloy material is used as cathode in solution containing ferric or ferrous ions; moreover,the reinforcement of cathodic Fenton process on the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of phenol is quite distinct.Among the metallic ions investigated,the ferric ion is the best catalyst for the electrochemical mineralization of phenol at initial...