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321.
为了防护人体免遭电磁辐射的危害,电磁辐射防护服装的应用及相关研究受到广泛关注。本文从电磁辐射防护的背景入手,阐述了电磁辐射防护服的防护原理研究进展,介绍了电磁辐射防护服装的应用以及屏蔽效能测试与评价的研究现状,并对电磁辐射防护服装今后研究提出了相应的建议与展望。 相似文献
322.
焊接过程产生的电磁场对操作人员健康的影响已得到日益广泛的关注,对高频的防护问题,已成为改善劳动条件、保护劳动力的重要课题.在研究焊接生产电磁辐射环境、劳动者健康与安全现状的基础上,通过试验分析了电磁辐射屏蔽效率及导致屏蔽效率差异的因素.通过对不同部门制定的安全限值的比较分析,提出高频焊机安全使用建议.对控制高频焊接场所电磁辐射,尽可能降低从业人员电磁暴露的影响具有重要意义. 相似文献
323.
对乌鲁木齐市区移动通信基站电磁辐射环境影响的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用科学的检测方法,通过现场调查和数据分析,对乌鲁木齐市区数字蜂窝移动通信基站产生的电磁辐射进行了科学的论述.对移动通信发射基站所产生的电磁辐射环境影响得出了正确、客观的结论. 相似文献
324.
大学生使用电脑及受其电磁辐射污染状况的调查 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为了解目前高校内大学生拥有个人电脑的情况,以及大学生对其所产生电磁辐射污染的了解程度和受其危害程度,在南开大学本部选取有代表性的学生宿舍楼进行问卷调查.结果显示,大学生中个人电脑的普及率为45.7%,以电磁辐射强度相对大的阴极射线管(Cathod RayTube,CRT)显示器电脑为主,占64.9%;拥有个人电脑的大学生,平均每日使用电脑的时间长;学生使用电脑后出现不良症状(眼疼、头晕等)的比例高,为77.4%,女生对电磁辐射的敏感程度高于男生;随每日使用电脑时间的延长,出现不良症状的人数增加;大学生对电磁辐射的危害有所了解的人数比例为71.9%,但知道防护措施的仅为29.6%,使用防护屏的仅为5.4%.综合调查结果认为,大学生电脑普及率高,使用时间长,且对电脑电磁辐射无应有的防护,大多数大学生在一定程度上已经受到了电磁辐射的影响,大学生受电脑电磁辐射已经成为一个值得关注的新问题. 相似文献
325.
The nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), is an invasive pest with established populations on three Hawai’ian islands. Indigenous
to Southeast Asia, D. pallivitta caterpillars cause defoliation of ornamental nursery stock and pose a human health hazard due to their urticating hairs that
can cause painful skin reactions. Identification of the pheromone component n-butyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (E7,9-10:COOnBu) from D. pallivitta has made it possible to investigate the phenology and population dynamics using baited traps. Male captures in Jackson traps
baited with E7,9-10:COOnBu showed a vegetation preference for tall-grass fields and forest/grass interfaces over forest areas. Microlocation
preferences were also found for trap height, with over 65% of males being caught in traps suspended at 1 m, compared with
the traps at 3 and 5 m. Captures of male moths in traps baited with live females, and direct observations of female calling
behavior, showed peak activities 6–7 h after the onset of scotophase. This is a much later communication period than for D. bradleyi and D. trima and may provide a mechanism by which D. pallivitta maintains reproductive isolation in areas where all three species are present. Coastal and inland transects established in
eastern Hawai’i measured aspects of population fluctuations and radiation into new areas with relation to elevation and microclimate.
Population expansion was measured by comparing moth population means and 80% population boundaries over time. Both population
measures showed a higher expansion for the coastal transect. Differences in population expansion may be attributed in part
to temperature and elevation, while precipitation does not seem to have a strong effect. Both the behavioral and ecological
data collected can be used to optimize deployment of detection/control strategies and to predict population expansion/risk
assessment for establishing quarantine protocols for the nettle caterpillar. 相似文献
326.
燃烧油品的沸溢特性分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了油罐火灾中燃烧油品的沸溢现象,阐述了沸溢发生的条件,研究了沸溢时火焰的热辐射强度,研究表明沸溢时火焰温度平均升高300℃左右,火焰平均热辐射强度是沸溢发生前的2.5~3倍. 相似文献
327.
Water samples were taken from Lake Dianchi, on the Yungui Plateau of southwest China, and experiments were conducted to simulate the photochemical degradation characteristic of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the lake water. Three groups of experiments under different light conditions: ultraviolet (UV) light, visible light, and dark, were done and variations of fluorescence properties, UV absorbance, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during the experiments were analyzed to study the photodegradation process of CDOM with time. The result showed that light irradiation led to significant photochemical degradation of CDOM, resulting in changes in florescent properties, absorbance losses, decreases in aromaticity and average molecular weight, as well as decline in DOC concentration in the water. It was also observed that UV irradiation had greater effect than visible light did. However, various fluorophores had different sensitivities to the same irradiation condition, that is, protein-like fluorophore at the low excitation wavelengths is more sensitive to UV irradiation than the other fluorophores, and is more readily to undergo photo-degradation. In addition, visible light irradiation did not have significant impact on DOC in the water, with DOC concentration decrease by 5.57% –59.9% during the experiment time. These results may provide new knowledge on the environment behavior of CDOM in the water of Lake Dianchi. 相似文献
328.
采用人工模拟UV-B增强方式,通过大田试验,研究了UV-B增强与秸秆施用对土壤-大豆系统呼吸速率和N2O排放通量的影响.结果表明:在三叶-分枝期、开花-结荚期、鼓粒成熟期和全生长期,UV-B增强,系统平均呼吸速率分别降低了59.88%,65.47%,67.35%和64.44%,N2O平均排放通量分别降低了37.94%,24.61%,48.42%和34.16%;秸秆施用促进了系统呼吸速率,4个时期平均呼吸速率分别增加了59.88%,61.50%,99.16%和64.44%;降低了全生长期的N2O平均排放通量,但没有达到显著差异水平(P=0.236).UV-B增强和秸秆施用复合处理显著增大土壤-大豆系统的呼吸速率,降低全生长期的N2O平均排放通量,但没有达到显著差异水平(P=0.229). 相似文献
329.
Philippe Pieri 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(5):791-801
Row crops like vineyards undergo various and significant manipulations of training system and cultural practices, which strongly influence the quality of products. Variations of water vapour fluxes from the soil surface and the leaves in the row volume are closely linked to the ratio of energy available to each compartment. A physically realistic model of available energy partition between the rows and the soil surface is therefore a key factor towards optimization of such systems, and must be included in canopy models. A number of available models were not directly validated. The purpose of the study was therefore to design a model of net radiation partition and check it directly.The model of net radiation partition between rows (Rnv), considered as a whole, and intervening soil surface (Rns) of a row-crop canopy was developed from physically realistic yet simple assumptions:
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- global solar (short wave) radiation partition was calculated by a previously validated geometric model;
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- long-wave radiative fluxes between the soil surface, the rows and the atmosphere were calculated from the corresponding view factors, which only depended on canopy geometry;
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- atmospheric radiation was estimated by a simple empirical relation based on air temperature as the only input variable;
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- air temperature in the vicinity of leaves replaced leaf surface temperatures as a more convenient input variable, with little loss of information.
330.
Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) energy reaching on the vegetated surface is a key determinant of plant physiological processes. Most of biosphere or crop models use the ratio of PAR to incoming solar radiation (Rs), PAR/Rs, to convert Rs into PAR in order to reduce weather data-input requirements. Several existing models simply specify a constant ratio, PAR/Rs = 0.5. However, some field experiments have reported that the ratio PAR/Rs may not be constant. Previous empirical equations of PAR/Rs were derived based on the data of monthly or daily timescales collected from only a few measurement sites, hence they may not be appropriate to be used in current global biosphere models usually with hourly simulation time steps. Here, we represent the exponential correlation between PAR/Rs and sky clearness index (0-1) using hourly data from 54 Ameriflux measurement sites. It is found that PAR/Rs increases up to 0.6 in cloudy conditions when the clearness index (CI) is below ∼0.2, whereas it is nearly constant at ∼0.42 when CI is above 0.2. When the identified empirical equation is used in the model simulation, it results in −4 to 2% difference in the stomatal conductance compared to that using the constant ratio PAR/Rs = 0.5. 相似文献