垃圾堆肥高效纤维素分解菌的筛选与培育技术

从堆肥、马粪、果园土、污泥等20个样品中，分离筛选出3株对滤纸分解旺盛的纤维素分解菌：C1、C2、C3，并外购康氏木霉、白腐菌、变色栓菌一起作为出发株，经紫外诱变处理后，在含葡萄糖的产酶培养基平板上筛选到能形成较大透明圈的突变株，并进行CMC酶活、微晶纤维素酶活及天然粗纤维分解能力测定。实验结果证明白腐菌经紫外线照射60s诱变而得的C16不仅透明圈大，CMC酶活高（60.08U/mL）是出发株的2倍，而且其对天然粗纤维分解能力强，10d分解率达35％。     

空气污染对城市太阳辐射影响的试验研究

对太阳辐射强度和空气污染浓度的观测分析表明:晴日太阳辐射的减弱与空气污染浓度密切相关。因此可以用太阳辐射强度的长期变化间接推断当地大气质量的长期变化。     

新疆某铀矿区生产场所环境γ外照射水平及所致职业者的剂量

本文报道了新疆某铀矿生产场所及周围居民村环境γ外照射水平的结果.结果表明:铀矿区生产场所γ外照射剂量率高于对照区,铀矿生产场所周围居民村环境γ外照射剂量率与对照区居民村的γ外照射剂量率相近.经估算得出了采矿、水冶工种人员和附属设施工种人员受到γ外照射最大年有效剂量当量仅为我国放射防护基本标准规定限值的9.1％和1.8％.这一附加剂量,对放射职业工作者的健康不会造成损伤影响.     

新疆和田地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平的调查研究

进行了和田地区环境天然贯穿辐射水平的调查研究并得出结论。首次采用网格及加密布点的方法布点．对１０３个测点的原野、道路和建筑物室内进行了外照射贯穿辐射测量。和田地区及所辖各县（市）的外照射贯穿辐射和土壤中天然放射性核素含量属正常本底辐射水平。全地区原野、道路和建筑物室内的陆地γ辐射空气吸收剂量率（×１０－８Ｇｙ·ｈ－１）按网格的均值依次是５．６３±０．８２、５．６６±１．１６和１０．２３±１．０１，原野和室内陆地γ辐射空气吸收剂量率（×１０－８Ｇｙ·ｈ－１）的人口加权均值依次是６．１５±０．９３和１０．８７±１．３０；室外和室内贯穿辐射（不包括中子成分）致空气吸收剂量率（×１０－８Ｇｙ·ｈ－１）按网格（人口加权）的均值依次分别是１０．３７±１．１８（１０．５８±０．７５）和１４．５０±１．１７（１４．８３±１．１３）；天然贯穿辐射（不包括中子成分）所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为９４３．９３±６３．１６（μＳｖ），致居民年集体剂量当量为１０９６．５７±７３．３７（ｍａｎ·ＳＶ）。     

Assessment of Calibration Parameters for an Aerial Gamma Spectrometry System using Monte-Carlo Technique

During a radiation emergency subsequent to a nuclear accident orweapon fallout, quick assessment of the ground contamination andthe resulting exposure is of prime importance in planning and execution of effective counter measures. For an online assessmentof ground contamination, it is essential to calibrate the detector system for several parameters viz. the source energy,source deployment matrix, the flight altitude and position abovethe contaminated surface. This article discusses the methodology to predict all the necessary parameters like photon fluence atvarious altitudes, the photo-peak counts in different energy windows, Air to Ground Correlation Factors (AGCF) and the doserate at any height due to air scattered gamma ray photons. Themethodology includes generation of theoretically simulated gammaspectra at a required detector position for a given source distribution on the ground using Monte-Carlo method provided by general purpose coupled neutron/photon transport code (MCNP CCC-200). Thus generated gamma spectra are analyzed to arrive at the required parameters mentioned above.     

能见度分级约束下的大气气溶胶光学厚度特征

利用ＰＩＳ太阳光谱仪观测了北京地区１９９３年３月—１９９５年３月晴天和少云天气的太阳直接辐射光谱，波长范围为０．４０－１．０４μｍ。光谱分辨率１．２５ｎｍ，共有１０６４组数据。观测期间，将地面能见度分为五级。由太阳直射谱获得了各能见度下大气气溶胶光学厚度谱。研究表明，北京地区大气气溶胶光学厚度虽然其总体季节统计规律为春夏大，秋冬小，然而，当加入能见度分级约束后，各能见度下气溶胶光学厚度的季节变化，近于消失。这表明少数“反常”垂直结构不影响能见度分级的平均结果。而不分级的光学厚度季节起伏主要由各季节的几率能见度决定。文中还把年平均五种能见度下的光谱光学厚度与ＬＯＷＴＲＡＮ模式作了对比。由光学厚度谱反演出了气溶胶粒子谱分布，为建立我国北方局地气溶胶模式构造了基本框架     

彩釉砖的辐射水平及其放射防护管理

简述了我国国产彩釉砖的辐射水平、室内装修彩釉砖的限值以及它对人体产生辐射的途径，提出了放射防护管理措施和存在的问题。     

移动通讯发射基站功率密度对辐射环境影响分析

采用理论预测和实际测量的方法,对辽宁省移动通信有限公司的发射基站的电磁辐射对周边环境的影响做出预测并实际测量了场强,测算出污染半径及范围,为环境管理提供了技术支持。     

Thermal modeling and analysis of novel twin-chamber community solar cooker as a replacement of biomass-based cooking

A novel design of twin-chamber community solar (TCCS) cooker is presented as a replacement of biomass-based cooking. The novelty of separating a single rectangular cooking chamber into separate twin chambers (of 1-m² aperture area each) improves the cooking performance as opening of one chamber for unloading of food cooked in lesser time (rice) does not disturb the stagnation temperature of the other chamber (pulses and meat) needing more time to cook besides resulting in reduction in side heat loss coefficient due to common wall. Aperture area and cooking volume of TCCS cooker are 9.54 and 35.33 times more as compared to single-chamber domestic solar (SCDS) cooker which makes it a community-scale large-capacity solar cooker. The developed solar radiation capture model and overall heat loss coefficient (U_l) computed for TCCS cooker have been used in a thermal model developed between various interactive components. First (F₁) and second figures of merit (F₂) values are 0.13 and 0.42, respectively, for TCCS cooker at par with ‘A’ grade category SCDS cooker. Techno-economic analysis shows that the net present value of TCCS cooker is Rs. 83,253 with break-even point occurring after cooking 43,461 meals with payback period of only 25, 50, and 72 months if used as a replacement for LPG, cow dung cakes, and wood-based cooking, respectively. Environmental impact analysis shows that the use of the proposed cooker can mitigate 2, 5.9, and 4.1 tonnes of CO₂ emissions every year by not burning LPG, cow dung cakes, and wood respectively.     

航空活塞发动机点火强度均衡性测试及防火研究

针对磁电机故障和点火电嘴故障会使发动机失去动力引起飞行事故,高压导线破损放电可能导致动力系统起火并引发飞机火灾等安全隐患,利用紫外探测技术和虚拟仪器技术设计了航空活塞发动机点火强度均衡性测试系统,利用该测试系统完成航空活塞发动机点火系统的安全隐患检测。以四缸活塞发动机正常点火、高压导线破损、点火电嘴积碳等三种点火系统作为测试对象,测试发动机在不同转速下各气缸点火电火花紫外辐射强度,用以表征点火能量强度。实测得到,在不同转速下点火电嘴积碳故障都会导致点火强度降低;高压导线破损漏电会同时导致点火能量损失与点火强度不均衡,并且与转速呈正相关。测试结果可为航空活塞发动机点火系统故障排除及发现可能存在的高压导线破损放电电气火灾隐患点提供技术依据。