UV-B辐射增强对亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的影响

通过共培养的方法,研究了亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争关系对UV-B辐射增强的响应变化．结果表明,不同的接种密度对亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争有明显的影响．当亚历山大藻(A)和赤潮异弯藻(H)的接种比例为A：H=1：4时,赤潮异弯藻在与亚历山大藻的竞争中占优势;当接种比例为A：H=1：1和A：H=4：1时,亚历山大藻在竞争中占优势．UV—B辐射增强可改变亚历山大藻和赤潮异弯藻种群竞争的关系,使赤潮异弯藻的种群竞争能力降低,使亚历山大藻的种群竞争能力大大提高,从而导致亚历山大藻在处理Ⅱ(A：H=1：1)和处理Ⅲ(A：H=4：1)中的优势地位更加明显．     

中国地表净辐射推算方法的研究

利用我国气象系统现有的50个净辐射站1993-2000年的辐射及相关气象资料,采用5种方法计算地表净辐射月值,结果表明:论文构建的多因子综合法是一种误差最小、精度最高的推算方法,平均相对误差为0.348,4至9月误差在0.20以下,可用于全年各月地表净辐射的推算;其次为Chang Jen_Hu修正式和Penman修正式,平均相对误差都在0.64以下,误差小于0.20的站月数约占半数左右,4至9月误差都在0.25以下,可用于植物生长期间的地表净辐射推算。各种方法推算的平均相对误差,都具有北部地区明显大于南部地区,冬半年（11至2月）明显大于夏半年（3至10月）的时空分布特征。     

活性炭吸附硫化氢及微波辐照解吸研究

研究了两种活性炭对硫化氢的平衡吸附性能力,并对活性炭床层的穿透性进行了考察;吸附饱和和活性炭在微波辐射的作用下进行解吸。实验表明,解吸效率与微波作用时间及温度有关,在本实验条件下H2S解吸效率达90．1％。     

沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸机理及相关计算理论模型研究

剖析了沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸 (BLEVE)的发生、发展过程 ,阐述了其机理及相关条件 ,研究并提出了两种BLEVE火球热辐射模拟计算理论模型 ,即近地面和抬升火球模型 ,以及爆炸超压模型。与有关实验结果比较和与已有模型的对比计算表明了所建模型的有效性     

电磁辐射对环境的污染及防护措施

电磁辐射对环境的污染已引起人们的重视 ,早在 196 9就被联合国人类环境会议列为必须严格控制的现代公害之一。论述了电磁辐射的来源、危害及减少电磁辐射是对环境污染的防护措施。对全面了解电磁辐射对环境造成的污染及危害 ,提高自我防护意识具有参考价值     

Fluctuating Asymmetry in Cranial Measurements of East European Voles (Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924) from the Zone of Radioactive Contamination

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in eight cranial measurements was studied in Microtus rossiaemeridionalis voles from two sites of the zone affected by the Totsk Radioactive Trace (TRT) and in the control population. In the affected populations, generalized mean population parameters of FA were significantly higher than in the control and tended to increase in relatively larger animals. The disturbance of ontogenetic homeostasis in voles from the TRT zone probably resulted from environmental stress caused by contamination with radionuclides (primarily plutonium), which entailed irradiation of many vole generations over more than 40 years.     

Non-Thermal Effect of Microwave Radiation on Human Brain

Summary This study focuses on an origin of interaction mechanism of microwave radiation with nervous system—quasi-thermal field effect. The microwave field can cause fluctuations and vibration of the charged particles and membranes in tissues. The hypothesis is, that this phenomenon is similar to the effect caused by Brown motion initiated by temperature and results in the same effects without rise in temperature. The electric field of 1 V/cm can introduce disturbance of the thermal equilibrium inside a cell of 10 μm radius, which is equivalent to disturbance produced by temperature rise of 1 K. The hypothesis, that microwave heating should cause an effect independent of the microwave modulation frequency, while field effect depends on modulation frequency, was examined experimentally. The 450 MHz microwave radiation, modulated at 7, 14 and 21 Hz frequencies, power density at the skin 0.16 mW/cm², was applied. The experimental protocol consisted of two series of five cycles of the repetitive microwave exposure at fixed modulation frequencies. Relative changes in EEG theta, alpha and beta rhythms of the group of 13 healthy volunteers were analysed. Analysis of the experimental data shows that: (1) statistically significant changes in EEG rhythms depend on modulation frequency of the microwave field; (2) microwave stimulation causes an increase of the EEG energy level; (3) the effect is most intense at beta1 rhythm and higher modulation frequencies. These findings confirm the quasi-thermal origin of the effect, different from average heating.     

Ecogenetic Characteristics of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale s.l.) Populations from the Techa River Floodplain Ecosystems

This study looks into T. officinale cenopopulations growing in the Techa River floodplain under conditions of chronic low-dose irradiation. It has been shown that the left-bank and right-bank cenopopulations differ from one another, as well as from the control (background) population, in the allozyme structure, viability, and radioresistance of the seed progeny and the mechanisms of antioxidant protection. In nature, cenopopulations differing in their phenogenetic structure may have different strategies of adaptation to the chronic influence of low radiation doses against the background of changing environmental conditions. The consequences of irradiation for such cenopopulations, including the viability and radiosensitivity of their seed progenies, may also differ considerably.     

不同波长和强度光照对水体汞还原的影响

采用室内模拟实验,探讨不同光波长、强度对HgCl2还原反应的影响,根据载气中Hg0的实时浓度跟踪HgCl2还原反应的过程,计算Hg0释放通量来进行汞光还原程度定性分析、动力学定量分析,并运用积分法和微分法确定反应级数.结果表明,Hg2+的还原量与光波长呈负相关、与光强度呈正相关,说明光子提供的能量对汞的光还原反应起关键性作用,汞还原率由光波长和强度共同决定,并且受溶液体积和载气流速影响;在各组实验中,载气中的Hg0浓度均表现为先上升再下降后趋于平稳的规律,Hg0浓度上升阶段的主要反应是Hg2+的还原反应和Hg0的释放,而下降阶段的主要反应是Hg0的释放;本研究中可见光下的汞还原反应为一级反应,UVA、UVB光照下的汞还原反应为二级反应,这与汞的配合物具有特定的光谱吸收带和实验用灯提供的光波范围有关.     

大气棕色碳的研究进展与方向

有机气溶胶是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分.近年来,部分有机气溶胶被证实在紫外-近可见光波段能进行有效光吸收.吸光有机气溶胶(即棕色碳)已成为当前国际大气环境领域的研究热点之一,其吸光贡献对辐射强迫、区域空气质量、全球气候变化的影响备受关注.中国城市群区域大气复合污染严重,2013年1月以来,大尺度区域能见度降低、灰霾现象频繁发生.研究表明,中国大气棕色碳的负荷高,其重要贡献源类如生物质与化石燃料燃烧等排放量大,棕色碳在中国大气细颗粒物总消光中的贡献及其辐射强迫亟需评估.然而,棕色碳的基础研究还较为薄弱,特别是对它的组成及来源的认识仍十分有限.本文旨在指出在中国开展大气棕色碳研究的紧迫性和必要性,并从棕色碳的来源、组成、测量方法、浓度分布、光学特性、辐射强迫贡献等角度介绍目前国际研究进展,提出现有问题与不足,以及对未来研究方向的建议,以促进对棕色碳的认识与了解,为中国在该领域的研究提供参考和依据.