重庆市农业转型发展的时空演进及问题区识别——基于全要素生产率视角

研究农业全要素生产率时空演进规律对于合理制定农业转型升级政策具有重要意义。在使用DEA-Malmquist指数模型测算出重庆市37个县（区）2000-2016年农业全要素生产率增长的基础上,结合空间分析方法和核密度估计方法考察农业TFP的时空演进特征,并识别出问题区域。研究表明：（1）2000-2016年间重庆市农业全要素生产率呈上升趋势,农业TFP指数呈“U”型和阶段性波动的变化趋势,并且表现出明显的空间不平衡性。（2）农业TFP指数增减趋势与技术进步指数的变化趋势基本一致,技术进步是影响农业全要素生产率的主要因素。（3）从全市来看,农业TFP的核密度曲线不断向右移动,且波峰高度持续上升,波峰形态由“单峰”分布向“多峰”分布转变,说明重庆市农业全要素生产率的地区差距在考察期内呈增大趋势。（4）依据TFP增长、技术进步和技术效率的关联关系,识别出三种类型的问题区域,并针对每类问题区域提出农业转型发展的政策建议。     

解决我国人口问题的探讨"两种生产"理论与可持续发展战略之比较

长期以来,在"两种生产"理论指导下,我国计划生育工作取得举世瞩目的成就.但"两种生产"理论的不足之处却随着经济社会的发展日益显露.可持续发展观则避免了这种不足.它不仅涵盖人口与经济的关系,而且要求在前者适应后者的同时必须考虑资源和环境的承受能力.最近中央提出的科学发展观更赋予可持续发展丰富而深刻的内涵.     

Lessons learned from recent incidents: Facility siting, atmospheric venting, and operator information systems

Recent incidents have focused attention on a number of technical and management systems that need to be addressed by industry. A multiple layer of protection approach is essential for the prevention of incidents and/or reduction of consequences. Safety culture and operational discipline are the overall embracing factors that influence the safety performance of a facility. However, as recent events have indicated, there are a number of technical and engineering issues that must also be developed and implemented appropriately. Some of these issues that could lead to incidents with catastrophic consequences include facility siting and atmospheric relief venting. Impact of operator information systems on the prevention of releases of hazardous materials from their containment is also another significant factor that should be given appropriate attention.

This paper describes these three topics based on the findings from recent incidents and historical data. Engineering standards, regulatory requirements, and industry practices are discussed for facility siting, atmospheric relief venting, and operator information systems. Finally, a summary of gaps and needs in technology, standards, and practices is presented.     

我院大学生心理状态分析及对策

通过对大学生心理调查问卷分析和来访资料进行整理,了解和把握大学生的心理现状及其成因,提出了帮助大学生正确而客观地认识自己和社会,帮助他们健康成长成材,引导大学生排解心理障碍,培养健康的心理素质的对策.     

试论加强城乡结合部的环境保护

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，城乡结合部经济、社会飞速发展。在发展过程中，城乡结合部环境污染和资源破坏问题日益突出，为此，必须完善城乡结合部环境保护立法和执法，切实做好环境规划工作，实现环境保护与经济、社会的协调发展。     

区域规划及其开发的若干问题

本文运用区域规划的基本原则，分析了当前区域规划工作的状况和特点，指出了规划工作和宏观调控的现实意义，并提出了加强规划工作的建议．     

Examination of personality traits and social problem-solving skills of individuals whose driving licenses have been confiscated due to drunk driving

Objective: Drunk driving is one of the major behavioral issues connected with problematic alcohol consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between personality traits and social problem-solving skills of individuals who drive while intoxicated.

Method: One hundred forty-four individuals apprehended twice while driving drunk and sent to a driver behavior training program (9 females and 135 males) participated in our study. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised–Abbreviated (EPQ-RA) composed of 4 subscales (Extroversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism, and Lying) and the Social Problem Solving Inventory (SPSI) composed of 7 subscales (Cognitive, Emotion, Behavior, Problem Definition and Formulation, Creating Solution Options, Solution Implementation and Verification, and Decision Making) were used to evaluate the participants.

Results: A positive relationship was found between the Extroversion subscale of the EPQ-RA and the Cognition subscale (P <.01), Emotion subscale (P <.01), Behavior subscale (P <.01), Generation of Alternatives subscale (P <.01), Decision Making subscale (P <.05), and Solution Implementation and Verification subscale (P <.01). For individuals who repeated intoxicated driving, all subscales of the EPQ-RA (Extroversion, Lying, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism subscales) explained 12% of the scores of the Cognition subscale and 16.2% (P <.001) of the Emotion subscale of the SPSI. There was no significant relationship between the first and second incident alcohol blood levels (P >.05).

Conclusion: Drinking and driving behaviors appear to be negative or maladaptive behaviors closely related to personality traits and may represent an effort to avoid negative emotions. Evaluation of negative emotions may have an important place in training programs intended to change drunk driving behavior.     

用伴随方程研究空气污染的优化控制

从一类常见的空气污染控制问题出发，推导了三维非平坦地形下大气平流扩散方程的伴随方程，利用伴随方程和原始方程的关系，对优化控制问题进行了等价变形，大大降低了计算量．文中指出，空气污染预报问题是正问题，适合用平流扩散原始方程求解；控制问题是反问题，用伴随方程求解是很自然的途径。     

喀喇昆仑山-西昆仑山地区的垂直自然带、环境和自然保护问题

喀喇昆仑山—西昆仑山地区属于青藏高原西北部寒冷干旱的荒漠、半荒漠地带,是连结高山荒漠和山地荒漠的关键区域。根据垂直自然带谱的基带及各分带的组合配置形式,可区分出干旱、极干旱、高寒干旱及高寒半干旱四种结构类型组。垂直自然带的区域变化明显,喀喇昆仑山与西昆仑山育显著不同,不仅南北翼有别,东西方向的递变也很突出,反映出大尺度的地域分异规律。全新世以来,干旱化的趋势十分明显,人类活动引起的环境问题突出,建议对雪岭云杉和昆仑圆柏等采取保护措施,并在羌塘高原腹地建立高原自然景观及野生动植物自然保护区。     

江西省实现可持续发展面临的生态环境问题及对策

阐述了江西省经济发展引起的环境污染及生态破坏状况，系统研究了对环境造成污染及生态破坏的主要因素，以及制约经济发展的环境因素，提出了实现经济可持续发展的环境对策。