我国环境保护规划的分析与展望

回顾了我国环境保护规划的发展历程,剖析了当前我国环境保护规划存在的问题,认为现阶段我国环境保护规划存在缺乏法律效力、法律地位不足、规划编制不规范、设区的市缺少环境保护总体规划、规划衔接不够、实施监管机制不完善和公众参与缺乏实质性等问题;对比分析了我国与美国和荷兰这2个发达国家的环境保护规划,总结了可以借鉴的国际经验;结合我国环境保护工作的形势和环境保护规划的发展,提出完善法律机制、设区的市编制环境保护总体规划、加强规划衔接、建立实施监管机制和加强公众参与等建议,确保其成为参与政府综合决策的有效手段,使其更加权威、规范和科学.      

Coping with Change: The Small Experiment as a Strategic Approach to Environmental Sustainability

The patterns of living, planning, and resource utilization as practiced in Western countries for decades are not sustainable; change of some sort is essential. But what changes are appropriate, and, perhaps more important, will people accept them? The small experiment framework provides a strategy for meeting the challenge of change. By encouraging participation, limiting the scale of initial change, and incorporating some aspects of the familiar, many of the difficulties that make change so problematic can be mitigated or even eliminated. An exploration, from a psychological perspective, of the characteristic difficulties surrounding potential change provides the context for a discussion of the components of the small experiment and an analysis of how these elements address these characteristic challenges. A comparison to adaptive management is drawn, and several concrete examples illustrate how the strategy has been used successfully to address a variety of environmental problems.     

我国建筑安全管理存在的主要问题及对策建议

针对建筑安全生产状况,从分析建筑安全管理存在的主要问题入手,认真研究和总结建筑安全生产管理的规律和特点,提出在经济日益市场化条件下,强化建筑安全监督管理,促进建筑业安全发展的对策建议.     

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION SYSTEMS: A CONSISTENT ESTIMATOR FOR UNKNOWN PARAMETERS IN CONFINED AQUIFERS1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents criteria for establishing the identification status of the inverse problem for confined aquifer flow. Three linear estimation methods (ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares, and three-stage least squares) and one nonlinear method (maximum likelihood) are used to estimate the matrices of parameters embedded in the partial differential equation characterizing confined flow. Computational experience indicates several advantages of maximum likelihood over the linear methods.     

A MATRIX AND ACCOMPANYING CLASSIFICATIONS FOR IDENTIFYING WATER RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND NEEDS1

ABSTRACT: A matrix was developed of problems with the functional use of water resources (rows) and functions served by water resources research (columns). A classification of water problems and a classification of research fields also were developed to accompany the matrix. The matrix and classification schemes were used when preparing the five-year research and development plan of the Water Resources Center of The Ohio State University. They were used: (1) to classify each research project that had been supported by the Water Resources Center from 1965 through 1980, (2) to guide interviews with personnel of federal and state agencies and university faculty who assisted in defining Ohio's water research needs, (3) to organize responses received during these interviews, and (4) to arrive at a selected list of ten problems with the functional use of Ohio's water resources that were prioritized based upon opinions received from water-related officials throughout the state. Other matrices and classification schemes are reviewed that were revised and expanded upon when formulating the ones used in Ohio. Suggestions are given regarding further development of the functional matrix and accompanying classifications as well as their use in administration of the cooperative federal-state water resources research program and other federal water resources research programs.     

农产品产地环境长期定位监测进展、问题与对策研究

农产品产地环境长期定位监测是加强农产品产地安全管理、保障农产品安全的基础性工作,具有重要的战略与现实意义。本文简要评述了中国农产品产地环境长期定位监测工作进展与发展趋势,从规划布局、管理方式、数据汇交、监测评价手段等方面分析了存在的问题,提出了战略层面高度重视、开展统一规划布局、科学选定监测内容、实现数据统一管理、稳定长效经费保障等具体对策,以期推进工作长效运行、发挥效用。     

北京市“白色污染”对策研究

在考察分析北京市“白色污染”现状的基础上,归纳出目前治理“白色污染”过程存在的6个问题。针对这些问题,梳理国内外治理“白色污染”经验,同时提出了“源头控制、逐步替代,宣传教育、减量使用,鼓励回收、健全网络,重修法规、强化监管,奥运期间、齐抓共管”的治理建议。     

城市生活垃圾收运路线优化的数学模型与算法

给出了城市生活垃圾收运路线优化问题的一般描述,考虑时间窗、车容量等约束,以收运路线总行程最短为目标。建立了该优化问题的数学模型。设计了求解谊问题的单一组合邻域搜索算法。随机邻域搜索算法和变邻域搜索算法三种类型的邻域搜索算法。通过对多组算例的求解实验,结果表明变邻域搜索算法的优化效果明显优于其余类型的邻域搜索算法。     

腾冲北海湿地问题诊断与工程对策措施研究

在北海湿地问题诊断的基础上,提出了具体的目标和工程对策措施,并做了工程效益分析。     

江苏省饮用水源地环境问题和污染防治对策的探讨

饮用水安全问题关系到广大人民群众的健康、生命安全和社会的和谐稳定。开展饮用水源地基础环境调查与评估,研究提出江苏省主要饮用水源地污染防治对策,可以为政府管理和决策提供科学依据。重点阐述了江苏省饮用水源地存在的环境问题,针对问题提出相应的管理对策和建议。