Mechanical Equipment Injuries in Small Manufacturing Businesses. Knowledge,Behavioral, and Management Issues

This paper presents findings from an extensive study intofactors that impact upon the high rate of injuries due to mechanical equipment, especially in small manufacturing firms. Issues relating to knowledge of health and safety issues and to management practices have been shown to be extremely important with regards to safety in smaii businesses. Knowledge and awareness of hazards were found to be relatively low and few respondents, especially managers, had received adequate safety training. Managers did not regard the identification and control of risks as a priority. Workplaces generally lacked effective safety management procedures such as safety rules and regulations, procedures for recording and learning from accidents, and clearly defined responsibilities for safety. Some issues requiring further investigation, and some recommendations for improving safety in small businesses, are presented.     

Working Conditions in Small Private Enterprises in Poland

The study deals with working conditions in small private enterprises in Poland. Data come from 50 small enterprises from the Warsaw area. Information about the evaluation of working conditions and the existence of programmes for their improvement was gathered with the help of questionnaires addressed to employees and employers. The results constitute a ‘photograph’ of the Polish reality at the beginning of its transition from planned to market economy. The study revealed a lack of programmes for the improvement of working conditions in a significant number of the enterprises studied as well as little interest in occupational safety on the part of employers (owners).

The study also revealed that all decisions—including those about the improvement of working conditions—were made by employers. Hence, the need for the widest possible dissemination of knowledge on occupational safety and the protection of human in the working environment with particular stress put on employers. Employers who are knowledgeable in this field and who are aware of its importance can significantly influence the improvement of working conditions in small enterprises.     

Small Business Owners’ Knowledge of Their Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Legislative Responsibilities

This article reports the results of a study investigating the nature and extent of small manufacturing business owners’ knowledge of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) issues. Interviews were conducted with 33 owners of small manufacturing businesses in Sydney, Australia. Results showed that whereas the majority of owners had basic awareness of the existence of OHS legislation, they were often unaware about the extent of their legal OHS responsibilities. Owners were found to have minimal OHS training and practical OHS expertise. Lack of appropriate industry specific OHS information was found to be a major factor that inhibited the owners’ ability to deal with OHS issues effectively.     

Informal network utilisation and water distribution in two districts in the Khorezm Province,Uzbekistan

This paper analyses informal networks and their utilisation during a period of water scarcity in an upstream and a downstream district in the Khorezm Province, Uzbekistan. The evaluation is based on an organisational theory approach on informal networks. Communication patterns between farm managers, district water departments and district governors in a year with a sufficient amount of water and in a year of water scarcity are compared with informal network structures. The analysis shows that in the year of water scarcity an informal network was utilised to receive water. The importance of the informal network increased with increasing experience and individual perception of water scarcity. The findings confirm the assumption that informal networks are utilised more frequently when formal networks fail or are not functional. The case study therefore confirms the importance of an informal network during a crisis.     

Impact of a small city on the structure of small mammal fauna in forests of the northeastern Moscow region

Forests in and around the reserve located near the city of Chernogolovka (50 km northeast of Moscow), forests adjoining the city, and urban forests were examined during the period from 1992 to 2004. Differences between forests of the reserve proved to be less significant than those resulting from the impact of urban factors. The influence of a small city was found to change the structure of communities of small mammals in surrounding forests by reducing their diversity and enhancing the dominance of ecologically restrained synanthropic species.     

浅谈小型油轮橡胶软管的监督检查

就水上油类作业过程中 ,由于小型油轮橡胶输油软管的质量等问题造成水域污染的严峻形势 ,从法律、技术规范入手 ,强调重视对输油软管的质量、使用、管理三个方面进行监督检查 ,无疑是对安全和防污染管理的深化 ,对现场监管具有一定的指导作用。     

云南省小型企业及服务性行业污染调查分析

对云南9个地州，市19个行业的调查表明，小型企业及服务业工艺落后，无污染处理设施，随意排放，造成环境污染，应制定针对性措施，在政府执法部门监督管理下执行，以控制和减少其污染。     

HYDROLOGIC EFFECTS OF CLEARCUTTING AND STRIPCUTTING LOBLOLLY PINE IN THE COASTAL PLAIN1

ABSTRACT: Harvesting 29-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations on six small catchments in the Coastal Plain of west Tennessee caused variable but generally minor increases of storm-flow volumes during the four years following harvest. The increases were primarily associated with decreases of rainfall interception rather than with soil disturbance. Harvesting had no effect on stormflow volumes in six nearby catchments of 37-year-old loblolly pine to which the same treatments were applied. Postharvest increases of flow-weighted sediment concentrations averaged higher for the catchments with greater flows at both locations. During the fourth through eighth years after harvest, average sediment concentrations for harvested catchments at each location approximated closely the base rate of 62 mg L^-1 previously defined for undisturbed pine types. Thus, relatively minor postharvest increases of stormflow volumes in the six 29-year-old plantations and increases of sediment concentrations in all 12 catchments were limited to about four years. Nevertheless, because of potential channel erosion, the findings confirm the need to extend stream management zones well up into drainages with intermittent and ephemeral flows wherever water quality is a concern. Despite certain undesirable effects of logging (baring of mineral soil, decreased weight and depth of forest floor, increased soil bulk density), the results demonstrate the high resilience developed by pine planted on severely eroded sites in the southern Coastal Plain.     

福州港小型加油船污染防治与管理

针对福州港区系泊、作业的小型加油船污染环境问题，提出污染防治与加强环境管理的措施。     

开缝屏蔽体的屏蔽效能仿真研究

运用电磁仿真软件FEKO进行仿真建模,对混响室条件下小尺寸开缝屏蔽腔体内部的场分布进行了仿真计算,给出了屏蔽体的屏蔽能力与混响室内电磁场的频率、入射方向和极化方向的依赖关系,并利用屏蔽效能的统计定义,讨论了屏蔽效能的特点和规律.